Lesson 1 Flashcards
It is a raw material &unorganized facts that need to be processed
DATA
Information in raw or unorganized form (such as
alphabets, numbers, or symbols) that refers to
conditions, ideas,or objects.
DATA
Organized in rows and columns in a rigidly defined format so that applications can retrieve and process it efficiently.
examples: Databases, Spreadsheets
STRUCTURED DATA
is unstructured if its elements cannot be stored in rows and columns, which makes it difficult to query and retrieve by applications
examples: forms,images,audio,movie
UNSTRUCTURED DATA
data that have been processed in such a way as to increase the knowledge of the person who uses the data.
INFORMATION
is structured information that describes, explains, locates, or
otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use, or manage an information resource.
Data that describe the properties or characteristics of end-user
data, and the context of thatdata.
METADATA
an individual or a group of individuals that
accept responsibilities to run an organization.
They Plan, Organize, Direct and Control all the
essential activities of the organization.
Management does not do the workthemselves.
MANAGEMENT
It is a cycle of processes that support the organization’s learning activities: process of acquiring, organizing, storing, and using information.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
An organized collection of logically relateddata.
DATABASE
DBMS stands for…?
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
A set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in adatabase.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
a database involves specifying the data types, structures, and
constraints of the data to be stored in the database.
Defining
the database is the process of storing the data on some storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS.
CONSTRUCTING
a database includes functions such as querying the
database to retrieve specific data.
MANIPULATING
a database allows multiple users and programs to access the data simultaneously.
SHARING
the first computer application focused on clerical tasks:
order/entry processing, payroll, work schedule, and so
on.
MANUAL FILE SYSTEM
the conversion from a manual file system to a matching
computer file system tended to be technically complex
and a new kind of professional.
Data Processing (DP)Specialist
is a collection of application programs that perform tasks where each program defines and manages its owndata.
TRADITIONAL FILE-BASED SYSTEMS
Limitations of File-based Systems
* Isolation of Data
* Redundancy
* Incompatible File Formats
* Limited Data sharing
* Excessive Program Maintenance
each software and each application manage its own data. The users of one application might not know about the data managed in other systems.
ISOLATION OF DATA
often the same data is managed more
than once in different applications. This needs more
storage space and generates higher costs for data
capture andupdate.
REDUNDANCY
since each application has
its own file format it’s hard or impossible to exchange
files between differentapplications.
INCOMPATIBLE FILE FORMATS
no centralized control of data.
LIMITED DATA SHARING
80% of information
systemsbudget
EXCESSIVE PROGRAM MAINTENANCE
Elements of Database Approach
* Data Model
* Entity
* Relationship
* Relational Database
Advantages/Characteristics of Database Approach
* Concurrent Use
* Structured and Described Data
* Separation of Data and Applications
* Data Integrity
* Transaction
* Data Persistence
* Data views
Advantages of a DBMS
* Better Data Integration
* Data Security
* Faster Data Access
* Simplicity
* Recovery and Backup
Disadvantages of a DBMS
* Danger of Overkill
* Complexity
* Qualified Personnel
* Costs
* Lower Efficiency
is responsible for the management of the data source
DATA ADMINISTRATOR (DA)
is responsible for the physical realization of the database.
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR (DBA)
is concerned with the identifying the data the relationships between the data, and the constraints on the data that is to be stored in the database.
LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGNER
decides how the logical database design is to be physicaly realized.
PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGNER
once the database has been implemented, the application programms that provide the requirement functionality for the end-users must be implemented. This is the responsibility of the application developers.
THE APPLICATION DEVELOPERS
are the “clients” of the database, which hase been designed and implemented and is bein maintained to serve a their information needs.
THE END-USERS
