Lesson 1-1 (environmental Impacts Of Logging)

Question 1

Shipping crates

Answer 1

جعبه های مخصوص حمل و نقل

Question 2

Logging industry

Answer 2

Industry of cutting down trees for commercial use

Question 3

Raw materials

Answer 3

مواد اولیه

Question 4

An array of something

Answer 4

A large number of something, a collection of something

Question 5

Untold harm

Answer 5

So great in amount or level that it can’t be expressed or measured

This process is not without untold harm to the environment

Question 6

Habitat loss

Answer 6

از دست دادن زیستگاه

Question 7

Extend beyond

Answer 7

فراتر رفتن از

Question 8

A swath of trees

Answer 8

رشته ای از درختان

Question 9

Terrestrial and aquatic life forms

Answer 9

اشکال زمینی و آبی حیات

Question 10

Vanish

Answer 10

ناپدید شدن

Question 11

Integrity

Answer 11

The state of being whole and undivided.

Tree loss can affect soil integrity.

Question 12

Myriad

Answer 12

Countless, numerous

Question 13

Amphibians

Answer 13

دوزیستان

Question 14

Canopy

Answer 14

سایبان

Question 15

Intact

Answer 15

سالم و دست نخورده و بی عیب

Question 16

Surface runoff

Answer 16

Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff)

It occurs when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.

Question 17

Intercept

Answer 17

Interrupt, intervene
حائل شدن ، جلوی کسی یا چیزی را گرفتن

The canopy prevents surface runoff by intercepting the heavy rainfall.

Question 18

Drip down

Answer 18

To fall in drops, or to let liquid fall in drops

Question 19

Porous

Answer 19

متخلخل

Question 20

Stabilize

Answer 20

تثبیت کردن

Question 21

Erosion

Answer 21

فرسایش

Question 22

Furrow

Answer 22

خط گود، شیار زدن، شخم زدن

Question 23

Disrupt

Answer 23

مختل کردن

Question 24

Vegetation

Answer 24

پوشش گیاهی
Plants considered collectively, especially found in a particular area or habitat.

Question 25

Residue

Answer 25

پس ماند

Question 26

Inhibit

Answer 26

مهار کردن

Question 27

Algae

Answer 27

جلبک

Question 28

Oblitrate

Answer 28

محو کردن، نابود کردن

Question 29

Depletion

Answer 29

Reduction in number or quantity of sth Ozone layer depletion Oxygen depleting bacterias in water can kill fish and wildlife by consuming more oxygen.

Question 30

Defense

Answer 30

Protection

Question 31

Emit

Answer 31

بیرون دادن، منتشر کردن Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and emit oxygen.

Question 32

Deteriorate

Answer 32

بدتر شدن، رو به زوال گذاشتن Tree loss can lead to deterioration in water quality in nearby streams and rivers.

Question 33

Contribute

Answer 33

Chip in هم بخشی کردن Give sth especially money to help achieve or provide sth

Question 34

Sedimentation

Answer 34

رسوب گذاری ، ته نشینی

Question 35

Airborne

Answer 35

Transported by air Cutting down trees keeps pollutants airborne

Question 36

Deforestation

Answer 36

The removal of all trees from a large area

Question 37

Emission

Answer 37

The production and discharge of sth, especially gas or radiation. Carbon dioxide emission

Question 38

Basin

Answer 38

1. A wide, round open container, especially one used for holding liquid Kidney basin 2. A natural depression on the earth’s surface, typically containing water. Amazon basin

Question 39

Tract

Answer 39

Segment, part

Question 40

To facilitate access to sth

Answer 40

تسهیل دسترسی به چیزی

Question 41

Extensive

Answer 41

وسیع، گسترده

Question 42

Biodiversity

Answer 42

تنوع زیستی

Question 43

Erode v.

Answer 43

فرسایش پیدا کردن when soil erodes, there are no nutrients left to help plants grow.

Question 44

Extent

Answer 44

وسعت، اندازه The extent of environmental damage caused by logging is frightening.

Question 45

Pollutant

Answer 45

آلاینده Contaminant Factories at pollutants to the air and water.

Question 46

Extensive

Answer 46

وسیع، زیاد acid rains cause extensive damage to vegetation in many areas.

Question 47

Branches and leaves

Answer 47

شاخه ها و برگ ها

Question 48

The prefix “de”

Answer 48

It means “remove” When will the forest and area, many animals lose their habitat You can debone a chicken before cooking it I had to deice the windshield before I could drive

Question 49

Environmentally friendly

Answer 49

سازگار با طبیعت