Lesson 02: Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

• Reproduction that requires only one parent
• Production of genetically identical offspring

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Involves the fusion of a male reproductive cell with a female reproduction cell

Question 3

Gamete (male & female)

Answer 3

Females: egg
Males: sperm

Question 4

Gametes combine to form what? In the process of what?

Answer 4

A zygote in he process of fertilization

Question 5

Gametes contain unpaired chromosomes and as said to be

Answer 5

Haploid

Question 6

Cells that contain pairs of chromosomes are said to be

Answer 6

Diploid

Question 7

Each human gametes contains

Answer 7

23 chromosomes

Question 8

Gametes must have ____ the number of the chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer 8

Half

Question 9

After fertilization, the zygote is ___ with 23 pairs of chromosomes

Answer 9

Diploid

Question 10

Meiosis has two key outcomes:

Answer 10

• genetic reduction
• genetic recombination

Question 11

Genetic reduction

Answer 11

Produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Question 12

Genetic recombination

Answer 12

Produces daughter cells with different combinations of alleles

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

• Growth and synthesis
• chromosomes duplicate into 2 sister chromatids which are attached at centromere

Question 14

Prophase l

Answer 14

• nuclear membrane dissolves
• centrioles split (only in animal cells) and spindle fibres form
• through synapsis, homologous chromosomes pair up to form a tetrad
• crossing over occurs

Question 15

Metaphase l

Answer 15

Homologous chromosomes attach to spindle fibres and line up at equatorial plate

Question 16

Anaphase l

Answer 16

• homologous chromosomes seperate
• chromosomes number is reduced from diploid to haploid
• Independent assortment happen here

Question 17

Telophase l

Answer 17

• nuclear membrane reappears
• each cell contains one of each chromosome pair (sister chromatids)

Question 18

Prophase ll

Answer 18

• Nuclear membrane dissolves
• spindle fibres form

Question 19

Metaphase ll

Answer 19

• sister chromatids line up at equatorial plate
• spindle fibres attach to chromosomes

Question 20

Anaphase ll

Answer 20

• Centromere breaks
• sister chromatids move to opposite poles

Question 21

Telophase ll

Answer 21

• nuclear membrane reappears
• cytoplasm separates (cytokinesis)
• each of the cells produced is haploid

Question 22

Mitosis

Answer 22

Diploid

Question 23

Meiosis

Answer 23

Haploid

Question 24

Spermatogenesis

Answer 24

Process of sperm production

Question 25

Oogenesis

Answer 25

Process of egg production

Question 26

Oogenesis

Answer 26

- in ovaries - process starts before birth, but stops at prophase l

Question 27

Spermatogenesis

Answer 27

- in the testes - started at puberty

Question 28

The outcome of meiosis is the formation of

Answer 28

Genetically distinct haploid gametes