Lesson 01: Cell Division And Gebetic Material Flashcards
The Cell theory states:
All living things are
One or more cells
The cell theory states:
Cells are the ____ of living organisms
Smallest unit
The cell theory states:
New cells come from ____ by cell division
Pre-existing cells
Organisms need to continually regenerate cells to
Grow and heal
Somatic cells
Body cells of plants and animals or cells in the body other than sperm or egg cells
Somatic cells reproduce through the
Cell cycle
What are the function of cell division?
-Growth of the organism
- Repair that have been damaged
- Maintenance to repair dying or dead cells
What are the genetic materials? (3)
-chromatin
-chromosomes
- sister chromatids
What are the genetic materials? (3)
-chromatin
-chromosomes
- sister chromatids
Interphase
-chromosomes duplicate into 2 sister chromatids (attach at the centromere)
Prophase
-Chromatin shorten and thicken into chromosomes
-centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
-spindle fibres appear
-Nuclear membrane dissolves
Metaphase
-spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes and guide them to line up at the equatorial plate
Anaphase
- centromes split apart
- sister chromatids separate from each other
- the resulting chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell as the spindle fibres shorten
Telophase
- spindle fibres dissolve
- nuclear membrane reappears
- chromosomes unwind into strands of less visible chromatin
- nucleolus forms within each new nucleus
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm to compete the creation of two new daughter cells
Cytokinesis (animal cells)
An indention (furrow) forms in the cell membrane. The indention deepens until the cell divides into two cells
Cytokinesis (plant cells)
In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two daughter nuclei. Cell walls than form in either side of the cell plate
DNA is made up of two long strands that form a
Double helix
During most of the cell cycle DNA exists as
Chromatin fibres
Human somatic cells have how many chromosomes and in organized in how many pairs?
46 chromosome in 23 pairs
Females and males sex chromosomes
- Females have 2 X chromosome
- Males have a X and a Y chromosome
The remaining 22 pairs that are not sex chromosomes are called
Autosomes
Homologous chromosomes
Pairs of chromosomes that appear similar:
-length
-centromere location
-banding pattern
What are alleles?
When homologous chromosomes carry different forms of the same gene
