Less Common Modes of Inheritance

Question 1

Mosaicism

Answer 1

2 or more populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual

Question 2

X chromosome inactivation

Answer 2

Happens in embryonic development of females
One of the 2 X chromosomes is randomly and permanently inactivated in cells other than egg cells
On average, there are equal proportions of the one from mom and the one from dad

Question 3

Mitochondrial inheritance

Answer 3

Inherited almost exclusively from mother

NS, heart and skeletal muscle are most susceptible

Question 4

Epigenetics

Answer 4

The chemical rnxs that activate/deactivate parts of the genome over development and environment response
Some mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs

Question 5

Imprinting

Answer 5

Imprinted genes are sensitive to environmental signals because there is a single active copy with no backup
Epimutations have greater effects

Question 6

Uniparental disomy

Answer 6

Inheriting all or part of a pair of chromosomes from one parent

Question 7

IUGR

Answer 7

Intrauterine growth restriction