Lesions & Strokes & Brain COPIED

Question 1

Answer 1

Spinothalamic; contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the lesion.

• dissociated sensory loss

(pain and temperature are dissociated from light touch which is perserved)

occurs with syringomyelia

Question 2

What is the most common site for the occurrence of ischemic stroke

Answer 2

MCA

Question 3

What are the symptoms of a complete MCA?

(4)

Answer 3

—facial asymmetry, arm weakness, and speech deficits

—

• —hemiplegia (paralysis) of the (1) contralateral side, affecting the lower part of the face, arm, and hand while largely sparing the leg
• —(2) contralateral sensory loss in the same areas
• (3) —contralateral homonymous hemianopia—visual-field deficits affecting the same half of the visual field in both eyes.
• (4) RIGHT - neglect, poor motivation
• (4) LEFT - aphasia (inability ro comprehend and formulate language)

Question 4

What is neglect?

Answer 4

Inability of a person to process and perceive stimuli on one side of the body or environment

It is most common after damage to the right hemisphere (therefore left hemispatial neglect). Right hemisphere of the brain is specialized for spatial perception and memory, whereas the left hemisphere is specialized for language.

Question 5

Where is csf produced?

And absorbed?

Answer 5

At the choroid plexus of each ventricle (infection can enter here)

Arachnoid villi in dural venous sinuses.

Question 6

Extradural bleeds

Answer 6

Tearing of the middle meningeal artery causes bleeding into the extradural space (extradural haematoma).

As the blood clot expands, the brain is compressed; as a result, coma supervenes a delayed period of hours after the blow. Without neurosurgical evacuation, the rising intracranial pressure causes brain displacement and death.

Question 7

Subdural bleed/ haematoma

Answer 7

Tearing of the veins stretching across the subdural space causes gradual seepage of blood, collecting to form a chronic subdural haematoma with eventual coma.

The delay between the blow and the development of symptoms may be of weeks or months. The elderly are particularly vulnerable and the head injury may be slight and forgotten.

Common head trauma in young adults.

Question 8

Blood supply to the brain

Answer 8

Question 9

Area for receptive aphasia

Answer 9

Question 10

Area for expressive aphasia

Answer 10

Question 11

What’s the general symptoms of meningitis? (4)

Answer 11

Headache

fever

sore neck

rash

Question 12

Organisms of bacterial meningitis

Answer 12

Neisseria meningtidis

Steptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 13

Management of meningitis

Answer 13

Antibiotics

Corticosteroids

Management of symptoms and prevention of secondary brain injury

Question 14

Causes of stroke

Answer 14

Large artery atherothromboembolism

small vessel disease

embolism from cardiac source

carotid or vertebral artery dissection

hypercoagulable states

sickle cell disease

Question 15

lacunar infarct (LACI)

Answer 15

The most common type of stroke, and results from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brain’s deep structures

Question 16

Characteristic of anterior cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 16

patient’s leg will be more affected than face or arm.

Question 17

MCA occlusion; which part of the body affected?

Answer 17

face and arm more likely thatn the leg.