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CK REVISION LECTURES > LESIONS > Flashcards

LESIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 indications of antibiotic px?

A
  • elevated temperature
  • evidence of systemic spread
  • local lymph involvement
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2
Q

What are 3 potential treatment options for a peri-apical abscess?

A
  • extraction
  • endo
    and/or
  • incision of the swelling
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3
Q

What is the aetiology of a periodontal abscess?

A

occlusion/trauma or opening of gingival pocket

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4
Q

What is the treatment for periodontal abscess?

A

xla if recurrent
otherwise, sub ging scaling and irrigate pockets
consider abx if pyrexia or cellulitis

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5
Q

What is the aetiology of a periapical abscess?

A

infection around the apex of a tooth associated with tooth decay or trauma causing necrosis of the pulp and thus, infection causing pain and potential swelling

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6
Q

What is the aetiology for ANUG?

A
  • smoking
  • poor OH
  • stress
  • compromised immunity
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7
Q

What is the treatment for ANUG?

A
  • oral debridement
  • abx (metronidazole)
  • OHI
  • smoking cessation
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8
Q

What are 5 clinical features of ANUG?

A
  • soreness/bleeding
  • crater like ulcers
  • lateral spread of ulceration
  • halitosis
  • malaise
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9
Q

What is the following defining?
- inflammation of soft tissues associated with the crown of a partially erupted tooth

A

pericoronitis

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10
Q

What are 5 clinical features of pericoronitis?

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • trismus
  • halitosis
  • abscess
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11
Q

What is the treatment for pericoronitis?

A
  • remove debris
  • OHI
  • abx?
  • xla
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12
Q

Which viral infection is the following?
triggers: fever, sunlight, common cold, stress, malnutrition
prodronal phase: tingling prior to appearance
heals in 7-10 days
infectious until crusting complete
tx: aciclovir

A

herpes simplex virus

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13
Q

Which viral infection is the following?
features: oral vesicles that ulcerate, oedema, erythema, coated tongue/halitosis
affects children and young adults
secondary infection may occur - bells palsy
recovery 10-14 days
tx: food/fluid, analgesics, CH mw, aciclovir

A

primary hepatic stomatitis (gingivostomatitis)

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14
Q

Which viral infection is the following?
itchy rash mainly affecting face and trunk
other features include: oral ulceration, fever, malaise, irritability, enlarged lymph

A

varicella - primary

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15
Q

Which viral infection is the following?
pain is a constant feature, patients can sometimes not distinguish between trigeminal zoster and toothache
complications: post herpetic neuralgia
tx: aciclovir

A

zoster - secondary

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16
Q

What are 9 predisposing factors to fungal infections?

A
  • physiological: age, pregnancy
  • trauma: ill fitting dentures
  • dietary: high carb intake
  • endocrine: addisons, diabetes
  • malignany: leukaemia
  • immune defect: AIDs
  • xerostomia: drug/radiation induced
  • disturbed oral flora: antibiotics/steroids
  • other factors: hospitalisation, smoking
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17
Q

Which fungal infection is the following?
- presents with marked soreness and erythema, particularly on the palate and dorsum of the tongue, the filiform papillae disappear, and the dorsal surface of the tongue appears smooth
- it is usually asymptomatic or is accompanied by a mild burning and itching sensation
- usually secondary to broad spectrum abx
- may be a feature of HIV
- painful

A

acute erythematous oral candidiasis

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18
Q

Which fungal infection is the following?
- can manifest in nodular form or as white plaques on the cheek or tongue, that are not easily removed
- it presents with mild symptoms, but has an associated increased risk of malignancy
- most common in men over 30 and in smokers

A

chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

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19
Q

Which fungal infection is the following?
- affects any surface
- can be wiped away, asymptomatic
- common in patients taking abx, steroids, immune defects
- tx: anti fungals and testing for HIV/malignancy

A

pseudomembranous candidosis (thrush)

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20
Q

Which oral manifestation is the following?
- associated with atopic conditions, and psoriasis, characterised by central erythema caused by atrophy of the filiform papillae and surrounding slightly elevated, white-yellow borders

A

geographic tongue

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21
Q

Which oral manifestation is the following?
- accumulation of excess keratin on the filiform papillae of the dorsal surface of the tongue, leading to the formation of elongated strands that look like hair
- the colour of the tongue an range from white or tan to black, it occurs most commonly in smokers, those with poor OH, and those who overuse MWs

A

hairy tongue

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22
Q

Which oral manifestation is the following?
- a white patch or plaque on the mucosa that cannot be rubbed off, may be caused by chronic exposure to irritants or chronic infection
- commonly a benign condition, but may be pre-malignant

A

leukoplakia

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23
Q

Which oral manifestation is the following?
- an inflammatory condition with two main types

A

lichen planus

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24
Q

Which type of lichen planus is the following?
- characterised by bilateral, asymptomatic, white, lacy striations (or papules) on the posterior buccal mucosa
- this form is easily identifiable and does not usually require further investigation

A

reticular lichen planus

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25
Q

Which type of lichen planus is the following?
- manifests as zones of tender erythema and painful ulcers surrounded by white, radiating striae and may require biopsy to rule out serious cases

A

erosive lichen planus

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26
Q

Which oral manifestation is the following?
- early lesions are often asymptomatic, appear as areas of red or white patches, and may be ulcerated or exophytic (growing outwards)

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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27
Q

Which oral manifestation is the following?
- lesions are usually macular, but may be nodular or pedunculated
- pigmentation varies from dark brown, to blue-black, however mucosa coloured or white patches may be seen and erythema is observed when lesions are inflamed

A

malignant melanoma

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28
Q

What are 7 oral manifestation seen in pregnancy?

A
  • perio
  • caries
  • pregnancy gingivitis
  • pregnancy epulis
  • candidosis
  • gingival hyperplasia
  • tooth mobility
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29
Q

Which fungal infection is caused by dentures/ortho appliances?

A

candida-associated denture induced stomatitis

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30
Q

Which fungal infection affects the dorsal surface of the tongue with predisposing factors such as denture wearers, diabetes, smoking, candidal infections?

A

median rhomboid glossitis

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31
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- widespread erythema, ulceration and soreness
- often develops in patients on chemo or radiotherapy
- treatment is to relieve pain, speed healing and prevent sepsis
- topical analgesic gels, good OH, antifungal, antiviral prophylaxis

A

mucositis

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32
Q

Which 5 conditions can be a risk factor for erosive red oral lesions?

A
  • lichen planus
  • pemphigus vulgaris
  • benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
  • erythema multiforme
  • behcets syndrome
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33
Q

Which lesion is the following?
- defined as any lesion of the oral mucosa that presents as a bright red velvety plaque which cannot be characterised clinically or pathologically as any other recognisable condition

A

erythroplakia

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34
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- less common than leukoplakia but increased risk of malignant transformation
- mainly seen in elderly males
- red, velvety pastches commonly on soft palate, FOM or buccal mucosa
- tobacco, alcohol and malnutrition known risk factors
- treatment includes removal of causal factors and biopsy

A

erythroplakia

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35
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- may be seen as a combination of or transition between leukoplakia and erythroplakia
- consists of white flecks or fine nodules on an atrophic erythematous base

A

speckled leukoplakia

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36
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- the presence of erythema, ulceration, erosion, blistering or desquamation of the attached and marginal gingivae

A

desquamative gingivitis

37
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
aetiology:
- platelet deficiency
- drugs: aspirin
- HIV
- glandular fever
- vomiting in bulimia
clinically:
- red or brown pinpoint lesions (petechiae) or eccymoses mainly at sites of trauma
treatment:
- treat the underlying cause, full blood count

A

purpura

38
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- dilated lingual veins
- middle aged and elderly age appears to be an important risk factor
- no treatment required unless to confirm diagnosis

A

lingual varices

39
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- affect infants/children mostly
- red or blue painless lesions
- usually affects the tongue/lip, blanch on pressure
- usually grow initially and stabilise
- majority of lesions are symtomless and require no treatment - observe and refer if persists

A

haemangioma

40
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- frequently associated with HIV infection
- HAART may slow down the development of AIDs and AIDs related lesion
- refer

A

kaposis sarcoma

41
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- elongation of the filiform papillae in conjunction with pigment-producing bacteria
more common with:
- soft diet
- smoking/betel nut chewers
- dry mouth
- poor OH
- fasting
- drug abusers

A

black hairy tongue

42
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- occasionally amalgam following apicectomy
- graphite from a pencil
- asymptomatic

A

amalgam tattoo

43
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- relatively common benign lesions
- usually flat singular brown collections of melanin containing cells
- vermillion border of lip and palate
- best removed to exclude melanoma

A

idiopathic melanotic macules

44
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- less common - like a mole found in the oral cavity
- blue-black benign lesion of melanocytes
- palate and elsewhere in the mouth
- asymptomatic
- best removed to exclude melanoma

A

melanotic naevus

45
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- highly malignant but rare compared with skin lesions
- unknown aetiology
clinically:
- heavily pigmented macule affecting the palate or maxillary gingivae
- rapid increase in size, change in colour, ulceration, pain
- refer!

A

malignant melanoma

46
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- most common cause of oral pigmentation
- mainly in BAME groups but is noted in some fair skinned people
- brown pigmentation affecting the gingiva

A

racial pigmentation

47
Q

Which syndrome is the following?
aetiology:
- genetic, rare
clinically:
- GI polyps
- melanotic macules on lips and oral mucosa
- refer for cancer screening because of high risk of GI, pancreatic and breast cancers

A

peutz-jeghers syndrome

48
Q

Which 5 extrinsic factors can cause brown/blue/black oral lesions?

A
  • tobacco: smokers melanosis
  • anti malarials
  • oral contraceptives
  • anticonvulsants
  • minocycline
49
Q

Which condition is the following?
aetiology:
- bluish-black plaque affecting the buccal mucosa, gums, palate and tongue
- diffuse intraoral pigmentation or melanotic patches on the tongue, gingiva, buccal mucosa and hard palate
- extra oral pigmentation on the body commonly seen in creases, folds and near scars
- brown pigmentation of gingiva

A

addisons disease

50
Q

When describing a lesion, what does sessile mean?

A

broad based

51
Q

When describing a lesion, what does pedunculated mean?

A

has a ‘stalk’

52
Q

When describing a lesion, what does macule mean?

A

flat, <1cm

53
Q

When describing a lesion, what does patch mean?

A

flat, >1cm

54
Q

When describing a lesion, what does papule mean?

A

circumscribed, solid elevation of skin <1cm

55
Q

When documenting the history of a lesion, what 9 things should be assessed?

A
  • size of the lesion
  • colour of the lesion
  • any chances in size, shape or colour
  • fixed or mobile
  • effect of the lesion
  • ill or well defined margins
  • duration of the lesion
  • shape of the lesion
  • where does it originate from (location)
56
Q

What are variations of normal anatomy?

A
  • fordyce spots
  • fissured tongue
  • varicosities
57
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- classic features are multiple circular or semicircular pink or red areas on the top of the tongue, with the red areas partially surrounded by a slightly raised yellow-white rim or border

A

geographic tongue

58
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- is a common condition that appears as a white slightly raised keratotic line along the occlusal plane of the buccal mucosa

A

linea alba

59
Q

What is the term for chronic cheek biting lesion?

A

morsicatio buccarum

60
Q

Which oral lesion is the following?
- benign vascular lesions appear as red or purple areas on the oral mucosa are usually seen in older patients

A

haemangioma

61
Q

What are 4 oral manifestations of coeliac disease?

A
  • glossitis
  • angular cheilitis
  • RAS (recurrent apthous ulcers)
  • enamel hypoplasia
62
Q

What are 8 oral manifestations of crohns disease?

A
  • swelling of lip and face
  • cobblestoning
  • ulcers
  • angular cheilitis
  • lip fissures
  • perioral erythema
  • persistent lymphadenopathy
  • full width gingivitis
63
Q

What are 2 oral manifestaions of ulcerative colitis?

A
  • apthous ulcers
  • angular cheilitis
64
Q

What are 4 oral manifestations of GORD?

A
  • enamel erosion
  • toothwear from antacids
  • caries from antacids
  • barretts oesophagus
65
Q

What are 6 oral manifestations of hepatic disease?

A
  • intra oral jaundice
  • petechiae
  • purpura
  • ecchymoses
  • excessive gingival bleeding
  • prolonged bleeding
66
Q

What are 6 oral manifestations of aenemia?

A
  • pallor of oral mucosa
  • glossitis
  • oral candidosis
  • angular cheilitis
  • dysphagia
  • oesophageal web
67
Q

What are 6 oral manifestaions of acute leukaemia?

A
  • ginigval swelling
  • ulcers
  • petechiae
  • purpura
  • candida infections
  • swelling with leukaemic cells
68
Q

What are 2 inherited bleeding disorders?

A
  • haemophilia a & b
  • von willebrands disease
69
Q

What are 2 acquired bleeding disorders?

A
  • liver disease
  • vitamin k deficiency
70
Q

What are 3 oral manifestations of SLE (systemic lupus erythematous)?

A
  • non specific or lichenoid lesions
  • purpura
  • ulcers
  • may respond to corticosteroids
71
Q

What are 2 oral manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • limted opening, crepitus, stiffness and pain of the TMJ
  • xerostomia (sjogrens syndrome)
72
Q

What are 3 oral manifestations of sjogrens syndrome?

A
  • parchment-like mucosa
  • lobulated, depapillated tongue
  • xerstomia
73
Q

What are 4 oral manifestations of scleroderma?

A
  • mouth opening is restricted ‘fish mouth’
  • dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  • widening of the PDL
  • trismus secondary to tightness of skin
    (OH difficult to maintain due to deformity of hands)
74
Q

Which disease has the oral manifestation of a painful ulcer centre of the tongue but any region of the oral mucosa may be involved?

A

tuberculosis

75
Q

Which oral manifestation is the following?
- bilateral white striations, papules or plaques on buccal mucosa, tongue, gingiva, lips
- reticular most common
- erosive is most symptomatic

A

lichen planus

76
Q

What are 2 oral manifestations of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigoid?

A
  • blistering in the mouth
  • desquamative gingivitis
77
Q

What are the 3 main causes of desquamative gingivitis?

A
  • mucous membrane pemphigoid
  • lichen planus
  • pemphigus vulgaris
78
Q

What are 4 symptoms of desquamative gingivitis?

A
  • erythema
  • desquamation
  • erosion
  • blistering of attached and marginal gingiva
79
Q

What are 2 oral manifestations of psoriasis?

A
  • psoriasis may manifest on the lips, tongue, palate, buccal mucosa and gingiva
  • geographic tongue
80
Q

What are 10 oral manifestations of diabetes?

A
  • xerostomia
  • susceptible to periodontal disease
  • oral candidosis
  • burning mouth syndrome
  • lichenoid drug reactions
  • swelling of salivary glands
  • poor wound healing
  • altered taste
  • oral paraesthesia
  • susceptibility to caries
  • sweet smelling breath
81
Q

What are oral manifestations of hormonal disturbances? (pregnancy, puberty, menopause)

A
  • generalised fibrous hyperplasia of marginal gingiva
  • erythema
  • tendency to bleed
  • not painful
82
Q

What are the 4 types of epulis?

A
  • pregnancy
  • fibrous
  • carcinomatous
  • giant cell
83
Q

What are 6 manifestations of addisons disease?

A
  • oral pigmentation
  • macroglossia
  • facial pain
  • mandibular growth
  • malocclusion
  • hypercementosis
84
Q

What are 3 fungal lesions seen in HIV?

A
  • pseudomembranous candidiasis
  • erythematous candidiasis
  • angular cheilitis
85
Q

What are 4 viral lesions in HIV?

A
  • oral hairy leukoplakia
  • varicella-zoster
  • herpes simplex
  • HPV
  • ulcers (pus oozing from surface)
86
Q

What are 3 bacterial lesions seen in HIV?

A
  • HIV associated gingivtis and periodontitis
  • linear gingival erythema
  • ANUG
87
Q

What are 2 neoplastic lesions seen in HIV?

A
  • kaposis sarcoma
  • lymphoma
88
Q

What are 3 ‘other’ oral manifestations seen in HIV?

A
  • purpura
  • swelling of salivary glands
  • xerostomia
    increased incidence of xerotomia due to HAART
89
Q

What are the 4 types of ulcers?

A
  • apthous
  • recurrent apthous
  • major apthous
  • herpetiform (coalesce into ulcerated patches)

CK REVISION LECTURES (8 decks)

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