lesion III

Question 1

Describe basal ganglia

Answer 1

• INHIBITON AND FACILIATION

–> inhibiting involutnary movement at rest

–> releasing or disinhibiting voluntary movements

–> accelerating voluntary movements

–> stopping volitional movements upon completion

Start…. keep going…. stop

Question 2

define chorea

Answer 2

• Dance like movements, jerky movements

Question 3

dystonia

Answer 3

• spastic contraction of muscles

Question 4

blepospasm

Answer 4

• involuntary blinking of eyes
• holding them shut

Question 5

aphetosis

Answer 5

• snake like movements of upper extremities (especially digits)

Question 6

hemiblallsim

Answer 6

• subthalamic nucleus lesion
• involuntary on one side of body (flinging, kind of violent)

Question 7

Parkinson’s characteristics

Answer 7

• tremors, rolling motion (roll thumb between forefinger)
• defecits starting movements and turning
• have a masked face (no expression - lack of facilitation of facial muscles)
• reptilian stare (no blinking or slowed blinking)

Question 8

what surgical intervention can be used in parkinson’s syndrome

Answer 8

• removal of pallidum allowing for easiler facilitaiton of movements

Question 9

describe cerebellum

Answer 9

• PRECISION
• Integration of equilibrium and locomotion
• integration of head and eye movements (MLF)
• coordinating voluntary movements

–> comparing cortical input with motor output (corticopontocerebellar pathway)

–> providing feedback for ongoing movements (dentorubrothalmic pathway)

–> making adjustments to ongoing movements (vestibulospinal, rubrospinal pathways)

–> ensuring accurate targeting

make precise…. on tine…. on target

Question 10

dysmetria

Answer 10

• abnormal trajectory
• midline or hemispheric

Question 11

tandem walking

Answer 11

• heel to toe walking
• lesion to the midline of cerebellum (axial musculature) they have equal amount of chance to fall to either side; just affects stability
• lesion in the hemisphere will result in falling to SIDE OF LESION (right lesion - falls to the right)

Question 12

finger to nose test

Answer 12

• shows dysmetria on the IPSILATERAL side of the lesion

Question 13

anterior inferior cerebellar

Answer 13

• gives off branches to caudal pons, rostral medulla

Question 14

posterior inferior cerebellar

Answer 14

• gives off branches to the lateral surface of medulla

Question 15

superior cerebellar artery

Answer 15

• runs over and gives off branches to the midbrain and maybe some to tectum

Question 16

SCA syndrome

Answer 16

• results in IPSILATERAL dysmetria, limb ataxia
• contralteral pain and temp loss
• contralteral superior oblique paralysis

Ipsilateral hornor’s syndrome

–> drooping of upper lide, constricted pupils, flushed, dry face

Question 17

describe limbic system

Answer 17

• Hippocampus = MEMORY

–> short term memory

–> consolidation into long term memory

• Amygdala = fear

–> basic drives (fear, rage, sexual arousal)

–> organizing behavior appropriate to drives

Question 18

lesion in uncus hippocampus amygdala

Answer 18

• foul but unidentifiable odor accompanied by strong feelings of deja vu
• sweats profusely, his heart races and he gets dry mouth and upset stomach
• violence