Les 2

Question 1

How to sell pseudoscience

Answer 1

1. Create a phantom
2. Set a rationalization trap
3. Manufacture source credibility and sincerity
4. Create a strong in-crowd
5. Use heuristics and commonplaces
   …

Question 2

Problems with typologies by Vermeren

Answer 2

• Problem 1: Unsound theoretical foundations
• Problem 2: Type is at odds with biological variation
• Problem 3: Fictitious and incorrectly used scales
• Problem 4: The tests are unreliable, artificially reliable, or unresearched

Question 3

evidence based decisons

Answer 3

1. best available scientific research
2. best available organizational data
3. Expert panels (preferably multiple)
4. Stakeholder concerns and or values

Question 4

characteristics of an evidence based manager

Answer 4

• multidisciplinary
• adaptable
• self-critical
• cautious
• empirical

Question 5

System 1 thinking

Answer 5

This is a fast and intuitive way of thinking which always engages first. It is, however, very prone to heuristics and biases. It is necessary to survive and take fast action, but not for important decisions.

Question 6

System 2 thinking

Answer 6

This is a slow way of thinking which had to be deliberately ‘activated’. It activates critical thinking and reduces biases.

Question 7

PICOC

Answer 7

population, intervention, comparison, outcome, context

Question 8

The 5 steps of EBP

Answer 8

Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess