Leptospirosis Flashcards

1
Q

Media khusus Leptospira?

A

media Ellinghausen-McCulough-Johnson-Harris

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2
Q

Prediktor mortalitas leptospira dari yg paling berpengaruh?

A
  1. Pulmonary involvement
  2. Oliguria
  3. Kreatinin >3.0
  4. Usia <40thn
  5. Trombositopenia
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3
Q

Px penunjang leptospirosis sebelum 10 hari sakit?

A

1) Px darah mikroskop dark field
2) Kultur pd media semisolid

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4
Q

Px penunjang leptospirosis setelah 10 hari sakit?

A

1) Urin: mikroskopik dark field, makroskopik kultur urin
2) serologi: mikroskopik dgn organisme hidup (MAT), makroskopik dgn antigen mati
3) ELISA IgM –> dipstik ELISA (skrining)
4) PCR DNA leptospirosis di darah, CSF, urin, dan cairan aqueous

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5
Q

Presentasi klinis leptospirosis?

A

Demam akut dgn headache dan myalgia (terutama betis).

Gejala lain:
1. konjuntiva suffusion
2. anuria/oliguria
3. jaundice
4. batuk, hemoptisis, sesak napas
5. perdarahan
6. iritasi meningeal
7. aritmia/gagal jantung
8. skin rash

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6
Q

Kriteria presumptive laboratory leptospira?

A

Hasil (+) pada skrining rapid test seperti: ILaLaDi
1. IgM ELISA
2. Latex agglutination test
3. Lateral flow
4. Dipstick

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7
Q

Kriteria konfirm diagnosis laboratory?

A
  1. isolasi leptospira dari darah
  2. PCR (+) pd darah dan serum di awal infeksi
  3. MAT (microscopic agglutination test) titer naik 4x atau serokonversi pd sampel paired selang waktu 2 mgg
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8
Q

Klasifikasi kasus leptospira?

A

Suspected: klinis + presumptive laboratory

Confirmed: suspect dgn confirmatory lab diagnosis

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9
Q

Skoring kriteria faine?

A

skor A atau A+B >26 = presumptive

skor A,B,C >25 = presumptive

skor 20-25 = possible

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10
Q

serologi pd lepto?

A

MAT, ELISA, PCR, Rapid test

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11
Q

Diagnosis pasti leptospirosis?

A

uji serologi serial: peningkatan titer 4x atau serokonversi dari sebelumnya

ATAU

USS tidak dilakukan: nilai IgM yang meningkat sgt tinggi

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12
Q

Prinsip MAT (microscopic agglutination test)?

A
  1. menemukan antibodi yg bersifat mengagglutinasi
  2. spesifik serovar
  3. (+) bila penggumpalan dari 50% lepto + serum
  4. px darkfield
  5. batasan positif berbeda dari 1:200 sampai 1:800
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13
Q

Prinsip ELISA?

A
  1. menilai adanya antibodi IgM yg spesifik genus
  2. lebih mudah dari MAT
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14
Q

Benar atau Salah?
ELISA lebih SENSITIVE daripada MAT

A

Benar.

ELISA lebih sensitif.
MAT lebih spesifik.

Sensitif: kemampuan test u/ identifikasi pasien sakit

Spesifik: kemampuan test u/ identifikasi pasien TIDAK sakit

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15
Q

Pemeriksaan yg bisa digunakan pada awal infeksi leptospira walaupun antibodi belum terbentuk?

A

PCR.

tapi biaya mahal, positif palsunya tinggi, tidak mengidentifikasi serovar

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16
Q

Benar atau Salah?

ELISA menentukan serovar, tidak hanya menegaskan adanya leptospira

A

SALAH!!!

MAT yg serovar spesifik. Kalau ELISA hanya menegaskan ada leptospira

17
Q

Apa yg harus dilakukan pd pasien leptospirosis yg mengalami oliguria?

A

cek MAP (mean arterial pressure). Kalau <65 beri norepinefrin. Kalau udah 65 lanjut asses fluid status.

18
Q

Pasien oliguria. MAP sudah 65. Selanjutnya ngapain?

A

Asses fluid status. Kalau hipovolemik beri normal saling 20 mL/kgBB/jam lalu nilai kembali dalam 15 menit. Lanjutkan sampai euvolemik.

19
Q

Pasien oliguria. MAP 65. Euvolemik. Selanjutnya?

A

Beri furosemide IV bolus atau bumetamide 1mg IV.

20
Q

Alur oliguria?

A

MAP <65, hipovolemik, Furo/Bume, cek UO, double dose, cek UO, acute renal replacement therapy