Lent

Question 1

What makes up the leptomeninges?

Answer 1

pia mater, subarachnoid space

and arachnoid mater

Question 2

What makes up the pachymeninges?

Answer 2

The dura

Question 3

What are the four types of meningitis lesion?

Answer 3

suppurative, eosinophilic, nonsuppurative or granulomatous

Question 4

What are some direct causes of meningitis?

Answer 4

osteomyelitis, extradural

abscesses, pituitary abscesses, skull fracture

Question 5

What are some causes of endocarditis?

Answer 5

Bacteria hematogenous dissemination, parasitic migration, intravenous and intracardic catheters, uremia-induced vascular damage

Question 6

What are some consequences of endocarditis?

Answer 6

Valvular disfunction, septic emboli, bacteraemia, cardiac failure

Question 7

What is the usual endocarditis bacteria in dogs and cats?

Answer 7

Streptococcus and E Coli

Question 8

What is the usual endocarditis bacteria in cattle?

Answer 8

Arcanobacter pyogenes

Question 9

What is the usual endocarditis bacteria in pigs?

Answer 9

Streptococcus and Erysipelothrix

Question 10

How common is hypertrophic osteopathy in cats?

Answer 10

Rare

Question 11

What % of primary boen neoplasms are osteosarcoma in dogs?

Answer 11

90%

Question 12

What kind of dogs get osteosarcoma?

Answer 12

Middle ages and older, large and giant breeds, males

Question 13

Which bones usually get osteosarcoma?

Answer 13

metaphyses (distal radius, distal tibia, proximal humerus)

Question 14

Which cells are seen in osteosarcomas?

Answer 14

Poorly differentiated, osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic,
telangiectatic, and giant cell type

Question 15

Where do osteosarcomas spread?

Answer 15

haematogeneous pulmonary metastasis and aggressive local invasion

Question 16

What is the possible cause of osteosarcoma?

Answer 16

Genetic predisposition, bone stress due to weight bearing causing microfractures, rapid bone growth

Question 17

When do you use radiotherapy in osteosarcoma?

Answer 17

Palliative for pain relief

Question 18

Where are haemangiosarcomas most often found?

Answer 18

spleen, right auricle, skin, - liver, lungs,

urinary bladder, kidney

Question 19

Which dogs especially get haemangiosarcoma?

Answer 19

GSD, Golden Retriever

Question 20

Where are cardiac haemangiosarcomas most often found?

Answer 20

Right atrium (primary)

Question 21

Where can cardiac haemangiosarcomas metastasize from?

Answer 21

Spleen

Question 22

What are some consequences of atrial haemangiosarcoma?

Answer 22

Tamponade, haemopericardium, pulmonary metastases

Question 23

What % of pigs in Britain have atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 23

26%

Question 24

What are the bacteria in atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 24

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida

types D and A

Question 25

What are clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 25

Shortened maxillae, corrugation of skin of snout, epiphora, sneezing, difficulty eating, coughing, signs of pneumonia

Question 26

How do the pigs get Bordetella?

Answer 26

Aerosol or direct contact

Question 27

Why do pigs get Pasteurella?

Answer 27

Genetic, environmental factors | and nutritional deficiencies

Question 28

What causes the loss of turbinates in atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 28

Decreased osteoblasts, increased osteoclasts

Question 29

How do you diagnose atrphic rhinitis in pigs?

Answer 29

Transverse section of the snout between the first and | second premolar teeth

Question 30

What are some consequences of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 30

Dermatitis from epiphora, decreased liveweight, secondary pneumonias