Lenin Flashcards
what were lenin’s general econ aims (L)
- nationalisation
- stability after war
- increased efficiency
what was the vesenkha (L)
the supreme soviet of the national economy (economy body)
what was the ideology behind state capitalism (L)
nationalisation of industry to coordinate econ production to meet the needs of society
what did state capitalism involve (L)
large industries were nationalised and under the control of well-paid specialists
what was land reform (L)
large estates of the church/wealthy landowners were broke up so peasants could own the land they worked on
when was state capitalism used (L)
march - june 1918
what was food dictatorship (L)
- grain requisitioning by the cheka and rationing
why was war communism introduced (L)
to help the Bolsheviks won the civil war
what were the three aims of war communism (L)
- increase production of military materials
- increase efficiency of allocation of workers
- increase the food production (for soldiers, workers and ordinary pop)
when did war communism end (L)
1921
what are the three features of war communism (L)
- food dictatorship
- labour discipline
- abolition of the market
what happened under food dictatorship in war communism (L)
- grain requisitioning
- rationing
explain grain requisitioning under food dictatorship in war communism (L)
the cheka would take surplus grain from the peasants with no payment in return
explain rationing under food dictatorship in war communism (L)
largest rations went to the workers and soldiers, smallest to the bourgeoisie
what were the three changes to labour disciple under war communism (L)
- working day set at 11 hours
- work compulsory for 16-50
- military style system
describe the military style system of labour discipline under war communism (L)
punishments for being late/slacking
- death penalty for striking
when was the working day set at 11 hours (L)
1918
when was compulsory work introduced (L)
1919
which ages did compulsory work apply to (L)
16-50
what was the effect of the abolition of the market under war communism (L)
destroyed the power of the capitalist class
what were the four features of the abolition of the market under war communism (L)
- abolition of money
- abolition of trade
- complete nationalisation
- conscription
explain the abolition of money under the abolition of the market under war communism (L) (4 steps)
1 - more £££ printed
2 - hyperinflation (£££ becomes worthless)
3 - lead to bartering
4 - workers paid through rations and free public services (transport)
explain the abolition of trade under the abolition of the market under war communism (L)
private trade made illegal
explain complete nationalisation under the abolition of the market under war communism (L)
the state took over all businesses
explain conscription under the abolition of the market under war communism (L)
workers had to be either in the factories or army
what was the positive impact of war communism (L)
kept the red army supplied and won the civil war
what are the four negative consequences of war communism (L)
- economic collapse
- growth of black market
- mass poverty
- political crisis
explain economic collapse as an impact of war communism (L)
- no work incentives (plus hunger and war) leads to less agri and indust production
- indust prod: fell 3 mill to 1.2 mill
how much did industrial production fall as an impact of war communism (L)
1917 - 3 million
1922 - 1.2 million
explain the growth of the black market as an impact of war communism (L)
60% food from black market, 40% from rations - people in need so turn to it for help
explain mass poverty as an impact of war communism (L)
fuel is sparse, workshops closed
bad harvests in 1921 = 45% of the harvests in 1913 leading to a famine of 6 million dead
explain politicial crisis as an impact of war communism (L)
mass starvation and economic crisis contributes to tambov peasants and kronstadt sailors
what are the three reasons lenin introduced the NEP (L)
- rebuild the economy
- develop socialism
- retain political power
what were the four measures under the NEP (L)
- end grain requistioning
- allow private trade
- reintroduce money
- small factories private control, large stayed nationalised
name the three positive consequences of the NEP (L)
- popular with peasants
- end famine
- major electrification campaign
generally speaking, what were the measures of the NEP like in relation to war communism (L)
the opposite of the measures in war communism
by how much did grain production increase from the NEP (L)
1920 - 46 mill tonnes
1923 - 56.6 mill tonnes
why was the popularity of the NEP amougnst the peasants important (L)
made up 80% of population
what was the impact of the major electrification campaign (L)
- revived industry
- reopened factories
- money invested into factories
what are the four negatives consequences fo the NEP (L)
- industrial growth plateaued
- scissor crisis
- nepmen traders
- corruption
why did industrial growth plateau after war communism (L)
there wasn’t enough money to build more factories
what was the crisis part of the scissor crisis (L)
a gap opened between farmers income and industrial prices
- farmers can’t afford - less incentive
what was the scissor part of the scissor crisis (L)
increasing food supplies meant agri prices dropped, whilst the industry recovered slowly
how did the gov solve the scissor crisis (L)
subsidised prcies of industrial products but this meant there was less money to recover the economy
what was the problem with the nepmen traders (L)
made money by spotting gaps in the market - arrested for profiteering since sold cheap goods for high amounts
what corruption was there as a result of the NEP (L)
increases in gambling, prostitution and drug drealing
