Leishmaniasis

Question 1

Leishmania Species

Answer 1

L. Donovani, L. Infantum, L. Major, L. Tropica, L Amazonensis, L. Mexicana, L Braziliensis, L. Chagasi

Question 2

Clinical Presentation forms of Leishmaniasis

Answer 2

Visceral Leishmaniasis
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Mucosal Leishmaniasis

Question 3

Leishmania - what the hell is it?

Answer 3

Protozoan Digenetic parasite with two forms: amastigotes (inside WBCs) and promastigotes (swimmer form that grows in flies and infects humans)

Question 4

Leishmania vector

where?

Answer 4

sandflies (“no-see-ums”)
old world: middle east, Africa, india
new world: brazil

Question 5

Where are each of the types (visceral, cutaneous, mucosal) of leishmania found?

Answer 5

Visceral - India, Mediterranean, C. America, Brazil
Cutaneous - Mediterranean, Africa, Middle East, C. America, Brazil, Texas
Mucosal - Brazil

Question 6

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Location - Pathogens - Presentation

Answer 6

India, Mediterranean, C. America, Brazil
Cutaneous - Mediterranean, Africa, Middle East, C. America, Brazil, Texas
L. donovani, L. infantum, L. chagasi
Most asymptomatic, some get “kala azar:” fever, wt. loss, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia.

Question 7

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Diagnosis - Treatment

Answer 7

samples (spleen, marrow) to find organism, serology, or skin test.

liposomal amphotericin, sodium stibogluconate, amphoctericin B.

Question 8

Visceral Leishmaniasis - cause of death

Answer 8

causes wasting due to infected macrophages secreting TNF-alpha and IL-2

death due to secondary bacterial/viral infections: pneumonia, measles, sepsis, TB, dysentery