Nematodes (Roundworms) Flashcards
Filarial infections: Common names & Pathogen
Lymphatic Filariasis - Wuchereria Bancrofti & Brugia malayi
River Blindness - onchocerca volvulus
Eyeworm - Loa Loa
Lymphangitis (sometimes retrograde), Lymphatic obstruction, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
Disease - Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
Lymphatic Filariasis
Wuchereria Bancrofti & Brugia malayi [filariae]
many types of mosquitoes (tropics)
treat with DEC
nodules, pruritus, rash, depigmentation, keratitis, chorioretinitis, hanging groin, elephantiasis.
Disease - Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
onchocerca volvulus [filariae]
blackflies (live near rivers)
treat with Ivermectin or doxycycline to kill wolbachia bacteria in the worms.
fatigue, arthralgias, calabar swellings, wormy EYEBALLS!
Disease - Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
Loiasis (eyeworm)
Loa Loa [filariae]
chrysops flies (central Africa)
treat with DEC
eosinophilic meningitis - headache, photophobia, neck stiffness, parethesias, eosinophilia
Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
snail/slug get parasite on veges, or from prawns/crabs
worms will die anyhow, treatment supportive.
abdominal cramps, diarrhea, muscle pain, periorbital edema, eosinophilia
Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
Trichinella spiralis & trichinella nelson
eating meat with cysts (pork, horse, game)
treat symptoms: analgesics, antipyretic, prednisone
fever, eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonia
Disease - Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM)
Toxocara canis & toxocara catis
infection by ingestion of eggs in dog/cat feces
acute VLM treated with albendazole & steroids
pain and vomiting… itchy or shock too
Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
anisakis simplex - can penetrate gastric mucosa
ingestion of infected raw seafood
treat by endoscopic removal of worm
retinal lesions that appear as solid tumors, near macula
Disease - Pathogen - Vector - Treatment?
Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM)
Toxocara canis & toxocara catis
infection by ingestion of eggs in dog/cat feces
acute VLM treated with albendazole & steroids
Wuchereria Bancrofti & Brugia malayi
Disease? Adult forms? Microfilariae?
Lymphatic Filariasis
Adult: lymphatics
Microfilariae: blood (peaks at night)
Onchocerca volvulus
Disease? Adult forms? Microfilariae?
River Blindness
Adult: subcutaneous tissue nodules (males migrate) - can live for 15 yrs
Microfilariae: top 1mm of skin - only live for 2 years then die if not picked up by blackfly
Loa Loa
Disease? Adult forms? Microfilariae?
Eyeworm
Adult: moves around subcutaneous tissues
Microfilariae: blood (peaks during daytime)
