Leishmania

Question 1

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by what strain?

Answer 1

Leishmania donovani

Question 2

What is visceral leishmaniasis known as in Northern India?

Answer 2

Kala azar

Question 3

Leishmania is transmitted from which animal?

Answer 3

Sandfly

Question 4

At which stage of infection is visceral leishmaniasis found?

Answer 4

Stage 5 (anthroponotic)

Question 5

What is the life cycle of leishmania donovani?

Answer 5

Promastigote enters the dermis upon biting
Promastigote enters the macrophage and converts to amastigote
Macrophage cells migrate to other parts of the body
Sandfly takes blood meal and amastigotes from human

Question 6

At which stage of infection is cutaneous leishmaniasis found?

Answer 6

Stage 4 (zoonotic)

Question 7

What is the main reservoir for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 7

Rodents

Question 8

What are the strains that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 8

Leishmania major, leishmania mexicana, leishmania Braziliensis

Question 9

True or false: In cutaneous leishmaniasis, once the promastigotes enter the skin, they spread out and move to other parts of the body

Answer 9

False, they do not move to other parts of the body

Question 10

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis affects which areas of the body?

Answer 10

Nose, mucus

Question 11

Which strain of leishmania found in Africa, South America and South Europe causes visceral leishmaniasis?

Answer 11

Leishmania infantum

Question 12

In which countries can leishmania donovani be found?

Answer 12

Sudan, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Nepal, India

Question 13

What is the main reservoir of leishmania infantum?

Answer 13

Dog (zoonotic)

Question 14

Where can cutaneous leishamiansis be found?

Answer 14

Middle East, Africa, South America, Central America

Question 15

Which strain of leishmania causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 15

Leishmania Braziliensis

Question 16

Where can mucocutaneous leishmaniasis be found?

Answer 16

Brazil, Peru, Colombia

Question 17

What is the main reservoir for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

Answer 17

Rodents (zoonotic)

Question 19

True or false: there are more cutaneous cases than visceral cases of leishmaniasis

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or false: Visceral leishmaniasis in India has been contained in the same region for more than a century

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Place the steps of the development in the sandfly from amastigote to infective promastigote in the correct order
a. Metacyclic promastigote
b. Amastigote in the blood meal
c. Procyclic promastigote

Answer 21

b, c, a

Question 22

How many days does it take for amastigote to become infective promastigote?

Answer 22

6 days

Question 23

What structure helps the migration of the promastigote?

Answer 23

Flagella

Question 24

Which stage of amastigote development is infective once introduced into the human host?

Answer 24

Metacyclic stage

Question 25

Which immune cells do promastigotes infect?

Answer 25

Neutrophils and macrophages

Question 26

Associate the descriptions with either visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis
a. Promastigotes replicated in macrophages
b. Amastigotes leave the skin and enter the macrophages of visceral organs

Answer 26

a. Cutaneous
b. Visceral

Question 27

What is the domain of Leishmania?

Answer 27

Eukaryota

Question 28

What is the class of Leishmania?

Answer 28

Kinetoplastids

Question 29

What is the genus of Leishmania?

Answer 29

Leishmania or Trypanosome

Question 30

How many chromosomes does Leishmania have?

Answer 30

36

Question 31

True or false: Most Leishmania chromosomes are haploid

Answer 31

False, they are diploid

Question 32

True or false: Chromosomes are well conserved between Leishmania species

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Why does L. donovani cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri lanka?

Answer 33

Host genetic differences: decreased susceptibility to visceral disease
Parasitic genetic differences: decreased virulence for visceral infection

Question 34

Hybrid Leishmania parasites