Legionella, tulameria, Pasteurella, bartonella

Question 1

Legionella is found in—/

Answer 1

aques envrionment/in a large vaeirty of habitats like lakes, streams and and even coastals oceans at temperaures ranging from—/ 5 degress to more than 50 degrees.

Question 2

easily colonises —

Answer 2

mosyt domestic water systems (hot and cold)

Question 3

can surivive in teh prescence of —-

Answer 3

disinfectants like chlorine

Question 4

more than— species. most common:

Answer 4

50/L.pneumophilia

Question 5

most common sources of infecton:

Answer 5

• Water-cooled heat rejection
• Water heaters
• Devices such as air-conditioning
• Cooling towers
• Warm water plumbing systems
• Warm water baths
• Whirlpool spa
• Shower head
• Water misters
• Respiratory equipment

Question 6

what is water cooled heat rejection?

Answer 6

slide 3

Question 7

when does legionellosis occur?/ — percent of cases die

Answer 7

summer and early fall but cases may occur year round/ 5 to 30 percent

Question 8

how is it spread?

Answer 8

disease is generally water borne / transmission occurs via airborne droplets

Question 9

no spread from—

Answer 9

human to human

Question 10

charactersitsics of legionella

Answer 10

thin, flagellated gram negative bacteria

Question 11

shape? capsule?

Answer 11

rod but plemoprphic /no capsule

Question 12

secerion system to—

Answer 12

inject large numbers of protein effectors (proteins that play an important role in interacting with and modifying the behavior of host cells, often in the context of infections or immune responses) into the host cells.

Question 13

incubation period:

Answer 13

2 to 10 days

Question 14

legionella multiples— fold within the—

Answer 14

thousand/ameoba

Question 15

legionella are —parasites that can multiply in—-in nature and in —-

Answer 15

facultative intrecellular/ free living ameabas and in aleavoar macs, monocytes and epithelial cell in infected hosts

Question 16

what does X ray show in the of the lung show in the legionella infection?

Answer 16

consolidation/white patches–sign of replacement of air in the lungs by fluid/inflammation

Question 17

what is a nematode?

Answer 17

its a small worm that’s sometimes microscopic and and legionella might use it to multiply.

Question 18

legionella make use of biofilm to…

Answer 18

hide in it and it’s formed in water systems and then the biofilm is inhaled by humans so that the bacteria grow in macrophages

Question 19

risk factors of legionella:

Answer 19

1)it’s an opportunistic disease
2) nosocmocila infections like humidifiers, nebulizers…
3) middle aged, elderlys, alcoholics, smokers genetic susceptible patients , chronic lunge disease, COPD

Question 20

slide 9 and 10

Question 21

first clinical disease: legionnaire diesase:— form pf–

Answer 21

uncommon form of pneumonia

Question 22

early symptoms:
late symptoms:

Answer 22

myalgia/ mild headache/ malaise/lethargy/ high fever/ non producticve cough/ abdominal pain diaareah
also, non specific lab test abnormlaities may occur
LATE:extreme lethargy, comatose state,
impaired kidnye and liver functioning,nervous system disorder

Question 23

second clinical disease:

Answer 23

pontiac fever: self limited short duration febrile doisease usually diagnosed only during out break of the disease.
fever myallgia headache and asthenia are the dominant symptoms.
less frequnet symotoms: cough, dyspena, anorexia and arthralgia and abdominap pain.
penuenomoa does not occur

Question 24

slide 14

Question 25

legionarries has ---morbidity and ---in the lunge and ---tissue inflammation

Answer 25

high/microabscesses/ lung

Question 26

sample used:

Answer 26

BAL (broncho alveolar lavage: taking fluid from lunge sto check for infection) , sputum, lung biopsy, urine plasma

Question 27

laboratory:

Answer 27

1)immuno florscence (putting glowing antibodies and using icrscope to detect them) but has low sensitityvity) +2) immuno assays in uirne for antigen detection for LPS +3) nuclic acid testing

Question 28

respiration ? nutrion?

Answer 28

obligate aerobes/ nutrionally fastidious

Question 29

legionella are --- PLUS PICS SLIDE 16

Answer 29

slender,pleomorphic, gram negative rods, weakly staining

Question 30

they require media ---

Answer 30

supplemented with L-cysteine and iron for primary isolation

Question 31

Francisella tularensis morphology

Answer 31

small weakly staining gram negative cocco bacillus

Question 32

motile? andwhat kind of staining do they display under giemsa

Answer 32

non motile/ bipolar (darker at both ends and lighter in the middler)

Question 33

respiration? catalase?

Answer 33

obligate anaeaobe/ weakly catalse positive

Question 34

capsule?

Answer 34

thick capsule whose loss is accompanied by loss of virulence

Question 35

reservoirs:

Answer 35

1)rabbits, rats, squirrels and mice bas aktar shee l rabbits. 2)aquatic rodets (beavers, muskrats) 3)blood sucking arthropods:ticks,mosquitos, biting flies 4) dust, aersols 5)contaminated water ( (Francisella philomiragia) LOOK AT PIC SLIDE 22

Question 36

routes of transmission:

Answer 36

– Tick and deer fly bites– Skin contact with infected animals (dogs, cats, rabbits, rodents)– Ingestion of contaminated water– Laboratory exposure– Inhalation of contaminated dusts or aeroso

Question 37

the bacteria that causes tulaermia is ---and can enter the human body through ---

Answer 37

highly infectious/ skin, eyes, mouth, throat, lungs

Question 38

slide 24 and 25 and 26

Question 39

Pathogensis

Answer 39

1) During the first 3-5 days after cutaneous inoculatio, it multipli3 locally and causes a Papule which becomes in ulcer in 2-4 days- 2) organisms spread from the site of entry to regional lymph nodes and may diesmeninate via a lymphematgeoenisj route to involve multiple organs 3) bactermina is probably common is this early phase although it is rarely detected

Question 40

Symptoms

Answer 40

Slide 32