Legal And Policy Framework On Climate Change Flashcards
State of the Climate in 2018 shows accelerating climate change impacts
- Food security
- Displacement
- Heat, Air Quality and
Health - Environmental Impacts
WMO Climate Risks, Extreme Events and Related Impacts
- Millions undernourished due to drought
- People affected by floods
- Ocean acidification
- Threats in peatland ecosystem
- Deaths associated with heat waves and wildfires
- Internal displacements due to floods and droughts
- Decrease in global ocean oxygen
- People displaced due to weather and climate-linked disasters
The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health
Climate change
-warmer temperatures
- shifting rainfall patterns
- extreme events
- sea level rise
a. Sickness
b. Injury
c. Deaths from extreme events
d. Storm surge
- Disruptions to ecosystems
-worsened wildfires
-lengthened pollen season
-spread of disease causing insects
-warmer waters and rainfall
-more disease transmission
a. Allergies
b. Asthma
c. Food, water and insect borne illnesses - Disruptions to societal systems
- diminished food production
- damages to infrastructure
-relocation of communities
-declines in tourism
a. Malnutrition
b. Work capacity
c. Conflict
d. Mental health illness
VECTOR BORNE DISEASE
A disease vector
Mosquito
Climate Change and Environmental Impacts
- Coastal/Marine Ecosystem
- Agriculture
- Human health
- Water resources
- Forests/Biodiversity
- Industry and energy
Climate Change and Environmental Impacts
-Coastal/Marine Ecosystem
- Coastal erosion
- Storm surge
- Coastal flooding
- Saltwater intrusion
- Coral bleaching
- Ocean acidification
Climate Change and Environmental Impacts- Agriculture
- Added heat stress, shifting monsoons, drier soils, water shortages
- Decreased rice/crop production
- Impact on livestock production
- Occurrence of weed infestation & diseases
Climate Change and Environmental Impacts-Human Health
- Increase in vector-borne diseases
- increase in cardio-vascular Illnesses
- Increase in upper respiratory illnesses
- Occurrence of infections diseases
Climate Change and Environmental Impacts- Water Resources
- Impact on hydrological cycle, changing evaporation, precipitation and runoff patterns
- Impact on power generation
Climate Change and Environmental Impacts- Forest/Biodiversity
- Shift in feeding point and disruption in flight patterns for migratory birds.
- Extinction of some mountain plants and animals
- Changes in species distribution, composition
- Invasion of weeds and alien species
- Loss and migration of plants and animal species
Climate Change and Environmental Impacts- Industry and Energy
- Energy supply and demand
- Impact on energy infrastructure
- Impact on industries such as wine, tourism, livestock, fishing, insurance, holiday resorts, mining, and others
Hydroelectric energy resources
- Angat Dam
- Maria Cristina Falls
Decrease of hydroelectricity means
Reliance on coal and oil
Ocean acidification (process)
- Increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- The ocean absorbs the carbon dioxide
- Interaction between carbon dioxide and water creates acidic conditions
- Increased acidic conditions harms species
Urban heat island effect
- Long-wave radiation is reflected from walls back to street level
- Building materials store solar heat and release it at night
- Lack of vegetation, lack of evaporative cooling, shading
- Heat released by traffic
- Anthropogenic heat released from heated or cooled buildings
- Tall buildings trap air in to the street canyons and reduce wind speed within the cit
What can/should we do about climate change?
- Mitigation
- Adaptation
Increase the resilience and coping capacity of the sector with the current and future changes
Limit the cause of climate change through measures that could slow down the build up of atmospheric GHGs concentrations by reducing current and future emissions and by increasing GHG sinks
Mitigation
Adiustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities
Adaptation
Types of Adaptation
- Anticipatory adaptation (proactive)
- Autonomous adaptation (spontaneous
- Planned adaptation
takes places before impacts of climate change are observed.
Example: early warning systems
Anticipatory adaptation (proactive)
does not constitute a conscious response to climate stimuli but is triggered by ecological changes in natural systems and by market or welfare changes in human systems.
Example: flood-control program
Autonomous adaptation (spontaneous
is a result of a deliberate policy decision, based on awareness that conditions have changed or are about to change and that action is required to return to, maintain, or achieve a desired state.
Example: construction of sea walls/dikes, identification of drought-resistant crops
Planned adaptation
Little things we can do
- Save electricity
- Plant trees
- Use public transportation. (bike or walk)
- Recycle
- Generate little trash (methane emissions)
- Reduce the use of non-renewable energy
- Review on your institution’s current policies and programs that may work as either mitigation or adaptation
- Encourage cooperation and partnerships among other institutions in programs and activities that would help fight global warming.
- Strengthen environmental awareness
Consume less, share more, live simply.
The Philippines’ response to the international call to address climate change
- Signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC
-June 1992
-ratified it on August 2, 1994
- Signed the Kyoto Protocol
-April 15, 1998
- ratified it on November 20, 2003
- Signed by the President on 23 October 2009.
- An Act Mainstreaming Climate Change into Government Policy Formulations, Establishing the Framework, Strategy and Program on Climate Change, Creating for this Purpose the Climate Change Commission (CCC), and for Other Purposes
- Ensure and strengthen the adaptation of the country’s natural ecosystems and human communities to climate change.
Climate Change Act of 2009
(RA 9729)
- facilitated by the GIZ
Project on Adaptation to Climate Change and Conservation of Biodiversity (ACCBio).
-The Adaptation Strategy is seen as a practical tool to assist national and local institutions to manage the devastating impacts of climate change and aims to guide the country’s climate change adaptation actions for the next twelve ears.
The Philippine Strategy on Climate Change
26 of 38
Adaptation (2010-2022)
-Signed by the President on 28 April 2010.
- Adopted by the CCC and is the country’s roadmap towards climate change resiliency.
- It is to be implemented at the local level with the LGU as the frontline agency in the formulation, planning and implementation of its climate change action plan.
-building ecotown
The National Framework Strategy on
Climate Change (2010-2022)
economically stable and ecologically sustainable town
Ecotown
Cross cutting strategies
- Capacity
- Development
- Knowledge management
- Advocacy
- Gender
- Mainstreaming
- Research and Development
- Technology transfer
Means of implementation
- Multi-stakeholder
- Partnerships
- Financing
- Valuation
- Policy, Planning and Mainstreaming
- Outlines the specific programs and strategies for adaptation and mitigation. It is a comprehensive plan that provides key actions that enhance adaptive capacity and resilience of communities and national ecosystems to climate change, among others.
- seeks to guide the local government units in the preparation of their respective Local Climate Change Action Plans (LCCAP)
National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) -
2011-2028
7 priorities of National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) -
2011-2028
- Food security
- Water sufficiency
- Ecological and environmental sustainability
- Human security
- Climate-friendly industries and services
- Sustainable energy
- Knowledge and capacity development
- Adopting climate change adaptation and mitigation measures by local government units and their respective communities, NGAs, and the general public; and ensure that these are incorporated in their annual work plans and budgets, where applicable;
The Cabinet Cluster System
Section 10. Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation
provides for the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction and management, to include:
- Good governance
- Risk assessment and early warning
- Knowledge building and awareness raising
- Reducing underlying risk factors
- Preparedness for effective response and early recovery
The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (DRRM Act) -
R.A. 10121
Road map on how disaster risk reduction management shall contribute to gender-responsive and rights-based sustainable management.
4 distinct yet mutually reinforcing thematic areas:
- Disaster prevention and mitigation
- Disaster preparedness
- Disaster response
- Disaster rehabilitation and recovery
DRR-CCA Integration into the Philippine Environmental Impact
Statement System (PEISS)
- ensure that hazards and risks are taken into account in siting
development projects - standard for the scope of the ElA Studies required for
ECC applications - Where applicable, climate projections by PAGASA for 2020 and 2050 shall be used in the conduct of relevant modelling studies and assessments as may be required in the ElA reports
- Natural hazards, as identified or determined by mandated agencies in the proposed project location shall be considered in the conduct of the ElA and integrated in the formulation of the environmental management and monitoring plan.
- Development of plans
- Development of Tools
- Institutional capability program on DRM and CCA for decision-makers, local chief executives, public sector employees, and key stakeholders
- Mainstreaming DRRM and CCA in local development planning
The National DRM Plan (2011-2028)
Priority Programs and Projects (2011-2013)
- Signed by the President on 16 August
2012 - Amendments to Sections of RA 9729 -
Climate Change Act of 2009 - Insertion and renumbering of Sections
18-25 - Creation of the People’s
Survival Fund (PS) which is established as a special fund in the national Treasury for the financing of adaptation programs and projects based on the
“National Strategic Framework”.
The People’s Survival Fund
(R.A. 10174)
