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Ecology Lecture > Ecosystem Ecology > Flashcards

Ecosystem Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

A large area characterized by its vegetation, soil and wildlife

A

Biome

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2
Q

5 major types of biome

A

-aquatic
-grassland
-forest
-desert
-tundra

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3
Q

-bodies of water surrounded by land
-have a salt content of less than one percent

A

Freshwater biome

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4
Q

Examples of freshwater biome

A

-ponds
-rivers
-lakes

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5
Q

-study of inland waters
-derived from the Greek limne (marsh, pond) and Latin limnaea (marsh)

A

Limnology

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6
Q

study of the structure, function, and change of organisms in fresh waters as affect by their dynamic physical, chemical and biotic environments

A

Freshwater ecology

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7
Q

Examples of Freshwater (7)

A

-lakes
-ponds
-rivers
-streams
-springs
-bog
-wetlands

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8
Q

Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors

A

-temperature
-light penetration
-nutrients
-vegetation

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9
Q

Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into

A

-lentic ecosystem (still water)
-lotic ecosystem (flowing water)

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10
Q

Importance of freshwater ecosystem

A

-mitigation against climate variability
-water purification
-shoreline stabilization
-sequestration of carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Examples of marine biomes

A

-ocean
-coral reefs
-estuaries

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12
Q

Marine comes from the Latin word

A

mare (sea or ocean)

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13
Q

Marine habitats can be divided into

A

-coastal
-open ocean

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14
Q

-Found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf (7%)

-most marine life is found in these areas

A

Coastal habitats

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15
Q

found in the deep ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf

A

Open ocean habitats

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16
Q

Ecosystem services given by Mangroves (7)

A
  • wood
  • livelihoods
  • coastal protection
  • water filtration
  • tourism
  • fisheries
  • climate regulation
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17
Q

A transitional area of vegetation between two different plant communities

A

Ecotone

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18
Q

Services given by Seagrass (10)

A
  • oxygen
  • food
  • biodiversity
  • nutrient cycling
  • water quality
  • habitat corridors
  • climate resilience
  • carbon storage
  • livelihoods
  • shelter
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19
Q

Ecosystem services of Coral Reefs (5)

A
  • tourism and recreation
  • medicine
  • coastal protection
  • acts as home and nursery
  • food and fishing
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20
Q

-Coral reefs are created by tiny animals called

-their limestone skeletons build up over time, forming the base complex reef habitat

A

Coral polyps

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21
Q
  • A partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea

-form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environments (ecotone)

A

Estuary

22
Q

Estuaries are subject both to marine influences such as:

A

-tides
-waves
-influx of saline water
-riverine influences (flows of freshwater and sediment)

23
Q

The mixing of seawater and freshwater provides

A

high levels of nutrients

24
Q

Animals that thrive, migrate, or give birth in estuaries (6)

A

-Pacific herring
-surfperch
-juvenile flatfish
-rockfish
-anadromous salmonids
-lampreys

25
Q

Terrestrial habitats are spread out across a large range of environments such as: (7)

A

-caves
-deserts
-farms
-forests
-grasslands
-shorelines
-wetlands

26
Q

Constitute terrestrial habitats

A

-semi natural or manmade habitats
-national parks
-biosphere reserves

27
Q

Types of terrestrial habitats (4)

A

-forests
-deserts
-mountains
-grassland

28
Q

-31% of the total land surface
-300 million of plant animals live in this habitat

A

Forest

29
Q

Forest ecosystem is divided into 4 different subgroups

A

-tropical
-temperate
-boreal
-plantation

30
Q

Layers of a forest

A

-emergent layer (highest)
-canopy layer
-understory layer
-forest floor

31
Q

-have the highest diversity
-located around the equator

A

Tropical forests

32
Q

Characteristic features of tropical forests

A

-humidity
-excessive rainfall

33
Q

-similar to temperate forest but with harsher temperature

-also called “Taiga”

-largest land biome

-winters are long and extremely cold

A

Boreal forest

34
Q

-forests that are cultivated for the purpose of commercialization

-1 or 2 species are cultivated

-genetically altered to provide better resistance against diseases and commercial viability

A

Plantation forest

35
Q

-areas where the most dominant vegetation is grasses

A

Grassland

36
Q

Grasslands are subdivided into

A

-tropical grasslands
-temperate grasslands

37
Q
  • also known as the “Savannah)
A

Tropical grassland

38
Q

Characteristics of tropical grasslands

A

-widely spaced grassy fields and woodlands
-sufficient light reaches the ground
-receive 30 to 50 inches of rain every year followed by a dry season

39
Q

-similar to tropical grasslands, except it has warm summers followed by cold winters

-annual rainfall ranges between 30 to 35 inches

A

Temperate grassland

40
Q

Temperate grasslands are categorized into

A

-Steppes
-Prairies

41
Q

Characterized by grasslands with tall grasses

A

Prairies

42
Q

Grassland with relatively short grasses

A

Steppes

43
Q

-biomes that receive less than 10 inches of rainfall annually

A

Deserts

44
Q

Animals in deserts adapt to the heat by

A

-burrowing or living in caves

45
Q

Common terrestrial animals found in deserts

A

-antelopes
-camels
-foxes
-gazelles
-goats
-cheetah
-African wild dogs
-lizards
-hyrax
-North African ostrich
-desert crocodiles

46
Q

-largest desert in the world
-classified a polar desert

A

Antarctic

47
Q

-largest subtropical desert

A

Sahara

48
Q

largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets

A

The Great Basin

49
Q

-large landforms that rise above the surrounding surface

-have colder climates due to high elevation

A

Mountains

50
Q

Mountain faunas

A

-bighorn sheep
-brown and black bear
-grizzly bear
-mountain goats
-mountain lions
-antelope

51
Q

The effect of Earths’s rotation on the direction of winds and current

A

Coriolis effect

52
Q

How tall is
a.) Mt. Apo?
b.) Mt. Everest?

A

a. Mt. Apo — 2,954 m
b. Mt. Everest — 8,848.86 m

Ecology Lecture (6 decks)

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