legal Flashcards by sia malhotra

first political philosopher of india

mn roy

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interim president of constituent assembly

sachidanand sinha

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how long did it take to complete the constitution

2 years 11 months 18 days

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articles before and now

395 and 450

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schedules before and now

8 and 12

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parts before and now

22 and 24

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when was the national flag adopted

22nd july 1947
designed by pingali venkaiah of andhra pradesh

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objective resolution was proposed by

nehru

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which amend amended the constitution

42nd, 1976

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during which case was preamble declared part of constitution

keshavanadan bharati

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art 1-3

union and territory

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art 5-11

citizenship

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art 12-35

fundamental rights

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art 36-51

directive principles of state policy

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art 51A

fundamental duties

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art 52-72

president and vice president

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art 74-78

union ministers and attorney general

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art 80-120

parliament

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art 124-143

supreme court

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art 148-149

comptroller and auditor general of india

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art 153-161

governor

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art 165

state ministries and advocate general

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art 169-213

state legislature

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art 215-227

high courts

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art 233-235

subordinate courts

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art 239-239AA

union territories

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art 243B-244K

panchayats

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art 243Q-243X

municipalities

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art 248

centre-state legislature relations

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art 300A

right to property

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art 312

public services

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art 315-317

public service commissions

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art 323A

tribunals

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art 324

elections

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art 331-333

special provisions for scs sts and others

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art 343-348

official languages

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art 352-360

emergency provisions

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art 368

amendment act

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where is the feature of parliamentary form of government and bicameral legislature adopted from

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federal structure

canada

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concurrent list

australia

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dpsp

ireland

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fundamental rights

USA

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amendments

South africa

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preamble

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single citizenship

canada

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fundamental duties

Russia

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formation of alternate governments

italy

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emergency provisions

germany

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how many languages in 8th schedule

22 languages

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defination of state under

art 12

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right to education

86th amend
act- 2002

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art 14

right to equality

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exceptions to law of equality under

art 361

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art 15

no discrimination on basis of religion race caste sex and place of birth

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art 16

equal opportunity

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art 17

abolition of untouchability

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art 18

abolition of titles

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right to freedom

art 19(1)

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art 20[1]

rule of ex facto laws
cant be punished for something that isnt an offence at the time of committing

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art 20[2]

double jeopardy

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art 20[3]

rule of self incrimination

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art 21

protection of life and personal liberty

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art 22

protection against arrest and detention

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art 23

no human traffic

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art 24

no child labour

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art 25

right to profess religion

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which article was established by first amend act 1951

art 31[A]
saves laws providing for acqusition of estates

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article instituted by 25th amend of 1971

art 31[c]

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art 32[2]

writs

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art 33

to modify the rights
authority with supreme court

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art 52

president

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first citizen of india

president
nominal executive
35 years of age
electoral college

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who is real excutive

council of ministries headed by pm

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electoral college amend

70th amend 1992

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art 61

impeachment of president

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first and longest serving president

rajendra prasad

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only person to perform duties of president two times

hidayatullah

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only president to win the election as an independent candidate

vv giri

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how many pres impeached

none

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12th president

pratibha patil

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15th pres

droupadi murmu

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art 123

ordinance making power

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power to grant pardon

art 72

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ex officio chairman of rajya sabha

vice pres

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pm is appointed by

president

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council of ministries is collectively responsible to

lok sabha

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comptroller and auditor gen holds office until

65 years of age

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all about lok sabha

max-550 [now-543]
91st amend, 2001
freeze lok sabha till 2026
25 years of age
oath administered by pro term speaker
presiding officer- speaker

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rajya sabha

max- 250 [245]
30 years of age
1/3rd members retire every 2 years

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feb-may session

budget session
longest

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july-aug session

monsoon session

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winter session

nov-dec
shortest

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33 judges and 1 cj

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total how many hc in india

25 high courts

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art 217

appointment of judges

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art 226

issuing writs

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art 324

election commission of india
chief election commissioner + 2 election commissioners

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who recommended election commission be a 3 member body

dinesh goswami committee

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nominal executive head of state

governor
addresses the first session of state legislature

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real executive head of the government

chief minister

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under which amend delhi was declared national capital territory

69th amend act 1991

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national emergency

352

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consitutional emergency

356

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financial emergency

360

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grounds under national emergency were amended by

44th amend act-1978

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financial emergency decleared

zero times

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national emergency has been declared how many times

3
1962 71 and 75

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seat of supreme court

delhi

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upper house and lower house

rajya and lok sabha

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upper house and lower house of state

vidhan parishad and vidhan sabha

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max interval between two sessions of parliament/state assembly

6 months

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president oath of office and submits resignation to

cji and vice-president

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first pres to die in office

zakir hussai

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only person to have served both an acting pres and pres of india

varahagiri venkata giri

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2nd pres to die in office

fakhruddin ali ahmed

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unanimously elected speaker of the lok sabha

neelam sanjiva reddy

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first female governor of rajasthan

pratibha patil

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first vice pres of india

sarvepalli radhakrishnan 1884 [also when the first pres was chosen]

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now vice pres of india

jagdeep dhankar

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nehru was mp of

phulpur

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5th pm

indira gandhi

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6th pm

moraji desai

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8th pm

indira gandhi
op blue star
assassination on 31st oct 1984
op forward-1982

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9th pm

rajiv gandhi

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17th pm

manmohan singh

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18th

modi
2nd most followed politician after obama

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first deputy pm

sardar vallabh bhai patel

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last deputy pm

lal krishnan advani

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first chief election commissioner

sukumar sen

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current chief election commissioner

rajiv kumar

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first chairman of finance commission

1951-kc neogy

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chairman of 15th finance commission

2017-nk singh

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first chief justice of india

hj kania

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chandrachud

50th cji

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first hc in india

andhra pradesh hc 1954

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latest hc

teleangana hc- 2019

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calcutta hc in

andaman and nicobar
west bengal

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gauhati hc

arunachal pradesh
assam
mizoram
nagaland

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bomaby hc

dadra and nagar haveli
daman and diu
goa

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recommendation of of balwant rai mehta committee

decentralised system

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which amend added 9th schedule

1st amend 1951

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10th amend 1961

incorporated dadar and nagr havelli as ut

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12th amend 1962

goa daman and diu as ut

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13th amend 1962

created nagaland as a state

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14th amend 1963

former french territories were included in the schedule as ut of pondicherry

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18th amend 1966

reorganised the punjab haryana and ut of chandigarh

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21st amend 1967

included sindhi as the 15th regional language

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maybe refer to tb for amend list

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actus reus

a guilty act

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a reprimand from a judge to a defendant who has been discharged from the further prosecution of an offence

admonition

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unlawful violence

affray

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amicus curiae

a friend of the court

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an act of erasing from legal memory some aspect of criminal conduct by an offender

amnesty

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animus

intention

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antecedents

an accused or convicted persons past crimes and bad character

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audi alteram partem

hear the other side

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aut punier and dedere

either punish or surrender

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bailiff

seizure of goods of a debtor

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caveat

let him beware
warning

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clemency

pardon or mercy

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damnum sine injuria

damage without injury

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de facto

in fact

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de jure

as a matter of legal right

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demagogue

a person who is able to get the support of the people by exciting their feelings and prejudices

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embargo

detention of ships at port

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embezzlement

dishonest appropriation by an employee of any money or property given to him on behalf of employer

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estoppel

prevents a person from denying the truth of a statement he has made

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ex post facto

by a subsequent act

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factum probanda

fact in issue

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gratuitous

free or with no money being offered

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hypothecation

using property such as a security as a collateral for a loan but not transferring the legal ownership to the lender

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ignorantia juris non excusat

ignornace of law is no excuse

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injuria sine damno

injury without damage

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ipso facto

by the very nature of the case/ by the mere fact

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in limine

in initial stage

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in prompt

in readiness

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inter alia

among other things

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inter se

among themselves

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in personam

a proceeding in which relief is sought against a specific person

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interim

temporary or not final

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interlocutory

during the course of proceedings

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interstate

to die without making a will

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intra vires

within powers

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jus

law or right

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kickback

illegal commission paid to someone who helps in a business deal

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larceny

crime of stealing goods that belong to another person

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locus standi

right of a party to an action to appear and be heard by the court

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mala fide

bad faith

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mens rea

guilty mind

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mesne profits

rents and profits which a trespasser has received/made during his occupation of premises which are lost to the actual owner

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modus operandi

way of working

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modus vivendi

way of living

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nemo debet bis vexari

no man ought to be twice vexed

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next friend

person who brings an action of behalf of a minor

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novation

transaction in which a new contract is agreed by all parties to replace an existing contract

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obiter dictum

a remark in passing

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ombudsman

an official who investigates complaints by the public against the government departments

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palimony

paid by man to woman after they have separated

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per incuriam

through lack of care

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perjury

an offence of giving false evidence

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persona non grata

an unacceptable or unwelcome person

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pilfer

steal small objects with small amounts of money

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privity

a relationship that exists between two people as a result of their participation in a transaction

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probate

legal acceptance that a document is valid

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pro bono publica

for the public good

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prorogue

an act of ending of a sesssion

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proxy

one who acts for another

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ratio decidendi

the reason for deciding

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repudiate

to refuse to accept

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rescind

to annul or cancel

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res ipsa loquitur

the thing speaks for itself

res judicate

the matter has been decided

respondeat superior

let the principal answer

restitution in intergrum

restoration to original position

retrospective legislation

legislation that operates on matters taking place before its enactment

sine die

without a date

stare decisis

to stand by things decided

sui generic

of its own kind

sui juris

of its own right

subpoena

ordering someone to show up in court

subrogation

where a person stands in place of another person and acquires that persons rights and it responsible for that persons liabilities

tortfeasor

one who commits a tort

tortious

having the nature of a tort-wrongful

ubi jus ibi remedium

where there is wrong there is remedy

vexatious

annoying/done in a way to annoy

volenti non fit injuria

no wrong is done to one who consents

whip

an important party official

acta exteriota indicant interiora secreta

acts indicate the intention

actio personalis moritur cum persona

personal right of action dies with the person

actus curiae meminem gravabit

an act of court will prejuduce no one

conjunctio animorum

free consent is essential to declare a marriage valid

ex aequo et bono

something done in justice and good faith

ex dolo malo non oritur contractus

no contract arises from a crime

ex turpi causa non oritur actio

no action arises out of a wrongful consideration

fraus est celare fraudem

it is fraud to conceal a fraud

furiosi nulla voluntas est

mad men have no free will

furtum

place where theft is committed

is qui omnino desipit

an insane person

nemo tenetur seipsum accusare

no self incrimination

pre tempore

for the time being

res nullius naturaliter fit primi occupantis

a thing that has no owner naturally belongs to the first taker

scienti et volenti non fit injuria

an injury is not done to who knows and wills it

tacere per quadriennium utile

void ab initio cause person is a minor

testis de virus praeponderat aliis

an eye witness outweighs others

word secularism was added through

42nd amendment , 1976

home ministry

sardar vallabhbhai patel

sectretary to deal with princely states

vp menon

junagadh [first state to be accessed] in

gujarat

who ruled over kashmir

hari singh

first linguistic state of independent india

andhra pradesh

who took fast for the formation of andhra pradesh

sri potti sree ramulu

initially how many states

initially how many uts

15th to 29th state

gujarat
nagaland
haryana
himachal pradesh
meghalaya
manipur
tripura
sikkim
arunachal pradesh
goa
uttarakhand
chhatisgarh
jharakhand
telangana

which article has been defanged and scrapped

art 370 and art 35A

now how many stateand Uts

28 states and 8 UTS

when was citizenship act, 1955

1986

who constitutes as a nri

183 days

oci provision was made to citizenship act in

2004

pios exception

pakistan and bangladesh

which part of the constitution is called the cornerstone of constitution

part 3

which part is conscience of constitution

part 4-dpsp
magna carta of india

denial of medical aid by a government hospital to an injured person violates which article

and

long delay in execution of death sentence may evoke protection of which article

right to education was amended through 2002

86th amend

when remuneration is less than min wages it violates

art 23

heart and soul of constitution

cons remedies
by br ambedkar

writ-
tells the sleeping authority to wake up and perform its public authority

mandamus

issued by a superior to an inferior court to prevent it from usurping its jurisdiction

prohibition

certiorari

acts in excess of their legal authority

examines the legality of the claim of a person to a public office

quo warranto

exceptions to fundamental rights under

art 33

doctrine or theory of harmonization

between fundamental rights and dpsp

panchayats were organised upon the recommendations of

balwant rai mehta committee in 1959

fundamental duties are incorporated through

42nd amend act
11 duties

originally how many fr

the veto law was incorporated from

usa

ordinance making power

art 123

ordinance expires within

6 weeks

power to grant pardons

art 72

only cji to discharge the duties of president

hidayatullah

who was elected unopposed

neelam sanjeeva reddy

emergency provisions

part 18

national emergency

art 352

armed rebellion was added to national emergency through

44th amend, 1978
also added the word cabinet

who is the keystone of cabinet arch

prime minister

where has the number of ministers in council of ministers fixed

delhi
1/10th of members of MLAs

ministers hold the office during the pleasure of the

president

first legal officer of government of india

attorney general

comptroller and auditor general of india

term of 6 years and upto age of 65 years
ears and eyes of the public accounts committee

the governor is appointed by

president

who appoints cm

governor

council of ministers of the state is answerable to

vidhan sabha

money bill of state is introduced only in

vidhan sabha

5th wheel of the coach

comptroller and auditor general of india

jammu and kashmir has how many members of parliament

how many members of ladakh represented in the parliament

where is the oath administered

rashtrapati bhavan

an adjournment motion must be supported by not less than…..people

how many judges were in sc before

which court is the court of record according to art 129

sc and hc

sc is in

delhi

there have been how many references to sc so far

2G reference happened in

2012

which case introduced curative petition

rupa ashok hurra vs ashok hurra-2002

curative petition was overruled in

nirbhaya gangrape and murder case

electoral system of india is borrowed from

term of election commissioner

6 years
until 65 years of age

watch dog of merit system

union public service commission

member of UPSC are appointed by

president

members of SPSCs are appointed by

government

balancing wheel of fiscal federalism

finance commission

which indian state has its own constitution

jammu and kashmir

niti aayog was formed in

2015

ex officio chairman of niti aayog

prime minister

father of indian constitution

br ambedkar

first speaker of lok sabha

gv malgaonkar

consitutent assembly for divided india

9th dec 1946

india follows consitutution of …. closely

words added through 42nd amend

socialist secular integrity

the right to property now is a

legal right

4th estate in democracy

media

what state has prohibited the use of word harijan

the source of we the people in preamble is taken from

how many times the preamble has been amended

fundamental rights are called

negative rights

vice president article

art 63

president elected unopposed

ns reddy

chairman of national integration concil

how many prime ministers so far

how many states and uts

28 and 8

first linguistic state

andhra pradesh

anglo indian article

art 331

house of elders

rajya sabha

max members from backward classes

bihar

term of lok sabha

permanency

second president

radhakrishna

who introducer PIL

pn bhgwati

from which country corruotion of pli was imported

popularization of pil

pn bhagwati and krishna iyer

preamble was proposed by

nehru

first schedule cast cji

kb balakrishnan

which pm held the shortest term

atal bihar vajpayee
13 days

who was a member of rajya sabha when they were appointed as pm

indira gandhi

min age for pres and pm

35 and 25

proclaimation of emergency ceases if not approved by pres within

1 month

seats allocated schedule tribes in lok sabha

which write is bulwark of personal freedom

habeas corpus

which hc cover more than one state/ut

guwahati mumbai
4 stataes

total hc

hc of west bengal got additional jurisdiction to hear cased from

andaman and nicobar

cosecutive 2 terms pres

rajendra prasad

who got bahart ratna after becoming pres

zakir hussain

which state has no panchayat raj at all

assam

high courts that cover 4 states

guwuhati and mumbai

4th pillar

cag

consitution amended first in

1951

first education minister

maulana azad

indira swaney vs uoi

mandal commission

first attorney general of india

mc satalvad

who draft penal code

lord macaulay

philosopher president of india

radhakrishnan

only person to have served both an acting pres and pres

vv giri

who was pres during emergency

fakhruddin ali ahmed

who used veto power during indian postal bill

giani zail singh

longest serving cji

chandrachud

first scheduled caste cji

balakrishnan

first sikh cji

js khehar

a remark in passing that is something said by a judge while giving judgement that was no essential to the decision in the case

obiter dictum

ratio of the case that is binding on inferior courts by reason of doctrine of precent

ratio decidendi

public holidays are declared under

negotiable instruments act 1881

lawywer appointed by court ti represent a poor litigant

amicus curiae

first indian barrister

chitranjan das

first mobile court of india

haryana

which pm introduced anti defection law was introduced

rajiv gandhi

law is an ass said by

charles dickens

speakers vote in lok sabha is called

casting vote

concept of consitution was first originated in

public interest litigation

reservation of educational seats based on caste

state of madras vs champakam dorairajan 1951

parliament could not restrict fundamental right

golaknath vs state of punjab
1967
doctrine of prospective overruling

basic structure

keshavnanada 1973

clarification of basic structure

minerva mills 1980

collegium system

on record association 1993

habeas corpus case

shivkant shukla

freedom of speech and expression

maneka gandhi 1978

50% quota

indira sawney

lt. governor has mo decision making powers

nct of delhi 2018

abolish collegium system

on record association 2015

women banned from worshipping due to pregnancy

indian young lawyers association vs kerela 2018

sedition

prashant bushan 2020

basic structure is being borrowed from

germany

national human rights commission

2019
chair-cji or judge of sc
3 members or more women
elected by pm

term of members of nhrc

5 years upto the age of 70 years of age

national commission for minorities

1992
jain added in 2014

what gave the traders administrative rights

diwani rights

indian council act

1862

government of india act

1858, 1919 and 1935

which plan divuded india into india and pak

mountbatten plan 1947

brit accepted the demand to form constitution in the form of

august offer

which plan formed our constitution

cabinet mission plan

cripps mission

stafford cripps

first meeting

9th dec 1946

objective resolution

13th dec 1946

temperory pres of ca

sachidanand sinha

interim vice pres

hc mukerjee

preamble adopted on

22nd jan 1947

who called india constitution quasi federal

kc wheare

judicial review
indep of judiciary
preamble

usa

indian federation

canada

freedom of trade and commerce

australia

schedules

tears of old pm
trick to learn

6th schedule is applicable at

assam
tripura
mizoram
meghalaya

which state is protesting to be part of 6th schedule

ladakh

9th schedule

1st amend, 1951
related to land reforms

10th schedule

52nd amend 1985
anti defection

11th schedule

73rd 1992
panchayat

12th schedule

74th amend 1992
municipalities

summary and essence of constitution

premable

socialist secular and integrity

added through 42nd amend 1976

ultimate soverignty lies with

people of india

date of adoption

26th nov 1949

magna carta of constitution

fundamental rights

the only absolute fundamental right

art 17
abolition of untouchability

which 2 articles cannot be suyspended during emergency

art 20 and 21

equality before law

equal protection of law

from where have borrowed our provision of procedure of law

japanese

which amend added art 21 A

86th amend act 2002

children age

below 14

secularism

the state doesnt have a religion of its own

cultural and educational rights

art 29 and 30

heart and soul of constitution

writs-constitutional remedies
said by br ambedkar

dpsp are

non justiciable

fr are

justiciable

art 44

uniform civil code

art 39A
42nd amend 1976

free legal aid

fundamental duties

42nd amend 1976

11st fundamental duty

86th amend 2002
parents or guardians are obliged to send their child to school
between age 6 to 14

qualifications of president

art 58
atleast 35 years of age

vice pres

art 63

pm and council of ministers

art 74 and 75

attorney general

art 76
appointed by pres
r venkatraman

first attorney general

motilal setalvad

guardian of public purse

comptroller and auditor general of india
art 148
girish murmu

first CAG

v narahari rao

disqualification of rajya sabha members

art 102

court of record

art 129

firat hc

1862

common hc

part 20

amendments

romesh thappas vs state of madras

1950
upheld the freedom of speech and expression
freedom of press is part of 19(1)

the berubari union and exchange of enclaves v unknown

1960
preamble is not part of constitution
amend the constitution[art 1]
9th amend act, 1960
ceeding a part of the country
[regarding parts between india and pak]

golaknath vs state of punjab

1967
fundamental rights cannot be amended
24th amend 1971
prospective overruling

keshavanand bharati vs state of kerela

1973
13 judge bench
parliament can amend any provision
overturned golaknath case
basic structure doctrine

guradian of basic structure

supreme court

indira gandhi vs raj narain

1975
sc struck down 39th amend 1975- 329A
application of keshavnand bharti case
free and fair elections

minerva mills vs uoi

1980
42nd amend act challenged
balance between part 3 and 4 i.e fr and dpsp
doctrine of harmonious construction

per incuriam

mistaken decision

sine die

adjourned without fixing any date for the next meeting

lis pendens

pending suit

99th amend act that was struck down

national judicial appointment commission

cji and other judges of HC are appointed by

president

oath of hc judge is administered by

governor

sc was set up under

regulating act 1773

salaries of judges of sc are charged on

consolidated fund of india

where were hc first set up

bombay madras and calcutta

what does judicial review entail

examine the constitutional validity of the laws

judicial review is based on

procedure established by law

hadley vs baxindale is a case on

damanges for breach of constract

injuria sine damno case

ashby vs white

tort is violation of

a right in rem

propounder of pigeon hole throty

salmond

nothing is an offence done by a child under the age of

7 years

9th schedule was added through

1st amend land reforms

which amend ceased tge reservation of seats for anglo indians

104th amend

finance commission article

art 280

national panchayati raj day

april 24

saksham app launched by eci

to facilitate vote reguistration and electoral services for personns with disabilities [pwds]

same sex marriage case recent

supriyo vs uoi

tort derived from latin word

tortum

our law is based on

english common law

torts

civil wrong
violation of right in rem
uncodified
unliquidated damages

civil wrong

rights of an individual are violated

criminal wrong

rights of the society are violated

damnum sine injuria case

gloucester grammar school

volenti non fit injuria exceptions

rescue case
negligence

ex turpi causa non oritur action

from an immoral cause no action can arise

vis major

act of god
nicholas v marshland

negligence case

donoghue v stevenson

nuisance derived from word

nuire french word
to hurt or to infuriate

strict liability case

reylands vs fletcher

absolute liability cases

mc mehta vs uoi
bhopal gas tragedy

partners in a partnership are

jointly and severally liabale

qui facit per alium facit per se

principle of vicarious liability

respondent superior

let the master be liable

deeper pockets

higher paying capacity

when was objective resolution adopted

22nd jan 1947

whart acts as an aid during interpretation of articles

preamble

joint sitting of 2 houses borrowed from

australia

> advisory jurisdiction
appoitment of state governors by centre
vesting of residuary powers in the centre

borrowed from

canada

> nomination of members to rs
method of election of pres

borrowed from

ireland

ideal of justice borrowed from

ussr

> parliamentary government
rule of law
legislative procedure
single citizenship
cabinet
bicameralism

> impeachement
post of vice pres

republic borrowed from

france

sr bommai case

1994

who has the authority to make laws

parliament

art 14-18

right to equality

art 19 to 22

right to freedom

art 23-25

right against exploitation

art 25 to 28

right to freedom of religion

art 29 to 30

cultural and educational rights

art 32

remedies

which article can be suspended only during war and external aggression

art 19

state is defined uner

art 12

judicial review article

positive concept

equal protection of law

reservation in edu instit amend

93rd
ashok kumar thakur case 2008

ews reservation amend

103rd

equal opportunity exception

sons of soil doctrine

defamation case

subramanya swami vs uoi

right to strike is a ….. right

statutory

right to privacy case

puttaswamy case 2017

concept of writs borrowed from

we command

mandamus
exception- pres and governor

right to vote

art 326

crime is a …. wrong

public

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