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anatomy - bones & ligaments of upper limbs > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Receives weight of the body from the femur

A

Tibia (medial)

Fibula (lateral, stick-like)

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2
Q

Contributes to the knee joint together with femur

A

Tibia (Fibula does not)

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3
Q

Largest and most complex joint. Acts as a hinge joint: flexion and extension.

A

Knee joint

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4
Q

Knee joint is structurally considered as…

A

Compound and bicondyloid

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5
Q

Connects the tibia and fibula

A

Interosseous membrane

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6
Q

Contributes to ‘locking’ of knee when standing

A

Rotation of femur to tibia (by knee joint)

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7
Q

3 joints surrounded by a single joint cavity

A

Patellofemoral
Lateral tibiofemoral
Medial tibiofemoral

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8
Q

What are the structures covered by the capsule of the knee joint?

A
  • posterior and lateral aspects of the knee

- tibial and femoral condyles

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9
Q

What covers the capsule of the knee joint posteriorly?

A

2 heads of gastrocnemius (inserts to achilles tendon)

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10
Q

What structure enters the capsule and attaches to the lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus?

A

Tendon of popliteus

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11
Q

Capsule covers the anterior aspect of the knee. True or False?

A

False (It is covered by 3 ligaments: lateral patellar retinaculum, medial patellar retinaculum, patellar) cannot see their separation

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12
Q

What are the EXTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS of the knee joint?

FOAT

A

Tibial collateral ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament

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13
Q

What are the INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS of the knee joint? (A-P)

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

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14
Q

Ligament: stout, flat band, part of the capsule. Large superficial part and smaller deep part.

A

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

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15
Q

Prevents the knee from buckling INWARD

A

Tibial collateral ligament

OUTWARD - Fibular collateral ligament

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16
Q

Tendons that pass through Tibial collateral ligament. Collectively known as ‘pes anserinus’

A

Sartorius (superior)
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

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17
Q

Ligament: Round, cord-like structure, separated from the capsule of knee joint

A

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

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18
Q

Fibular or lateral collateral ligament is surrounded by what tendon?

A

Tendon of biceps femoris

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19
Q

Whatchu call the muscle that stabilizes the thigh?

A

Tensor fasciae latae

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20
Q

It is tensed by the tensor fasciae latae

A

Iliotibial tract (together with tendon of biceps femoris - Lateral aspect of knee joint)

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21
Q

Expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus. Reinforces the capsule agains torsional stress

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

22
Q

Arches upward and medially over the popliteus from the head of the fibula separating the capsule from FCL

A

Arcuate popliteal ligament

23
Q

Deep within this ligament, you can see where tibia and fibula meet

A

Lateral collateral ligament

24
Q

2 ligaments that prevent excessive movement between tibia and fibula

A

Medial tibiofibular ligament

Lateral tibiofibular ligament

25
Q

Each of these ligaments runs from proximal tibia to distal femur

A

Cruciate ligaments

26
Q

Both cruciate ligaments arise from this ridge

A

Intercondylar eminence

27
Q

Prevents anterior displacement of tibia or posterior displacement of femur

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament - prevents posterior displacement of tibia or anterior displacement of femur

28
Q

Receives slips from the lateral menisci

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

29
Q

Deepens the articulation between tibia and fibula. Helps in shock absorption during running and jumping.

A

Lateral and Medial menisci

30
Q

Meniscus attached peripherally to the capsule - more prone to injury

A

Medial meniscus

31
Q

What attaches the lateral meniscus to femur?

A

Meniscofemoral ligament

32
Q

What separates the lateral meniscus from capsule - less prone to injury

A

Popliteal tendon

33
Q

Range of knee flexion and extension

A

Flexion 0-130

Extension 120-0

34
Q

Flexion at the knee

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, hamstrings

35
Q

Extension at the knee

A

L2,L3, L4, quadriceps

36
Q

Assesses the integrity of LCL

A

Varus Stress Test

+) pain & gapping (normal @ 30* ; abnormal 0*

37
Q

Assesses the integrity of MCL

A

Valgus stress test

38
Q

Test for cruciate ligaments wherein you stabilize thigh and knee then push the tibia

A

Lachman test

Anterior displacement - ACL injury
Posterior displacement - PCL injury

39
Q

Test for cruciate ligaments wherein you flex the knee and stabilize the foot.

A

Drawer test

Mov’t anteriorly - ACL injury
Mov’t posteriorly - PCL injury

40
Q

What forms the ankle joint?

A

Tibia + Talus

41
Q

It stabilizes the ankle joint

A

Fibula

42
Q

Hinge joint that allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion only

A

Ankle joint

43
Q

Stabilizes the ankle joint medially

A

Deltoid (medial) ligament - large strong triangular

Laterally -lateral collateral ligament

44
Q

(4) ligaments comprising the MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (T T AT PT)

A

Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar

45
Q

Apex of MCL is attached to?

A

Medial malleolus

46
Q

Base of MCL is attached to? Front & back

A

Front - tuberosity of navicular bone

Back - medial tubercle of talus

47
Q

(3) ligaments comprising the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (AT PT C)

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

48
Q

Range of motion of ankle joint

A

Dorsiflexion 0-35

Plantar flexion 0-45

49
Q

Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion of the ankle

A

Dorsiflexion - L4, L5, anterior tibialis

Plantar flexion - S1, gastrocnemius, soleus

50
Q

Test for ankle joint wherein you stabilize the neck and pull on calcaneous

A

Anterior drawer’s test

51
Q

Test for injury of lateral ligaments of ankle joint

A

Lateral talar test

anatomy - bones & ligaments of upper limbs (3 decks)

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