Leg Flashcards
What is the knee capsule opening into posteriorly
Opens posteriorly to lateral condyle of tibia for popliteus m
What is the anterior knee capsule fusing with
Capsule fuses with quadriceps tendon, patella, and patalla ligament
Which knee ligament strengthens the joint anteriorly
The Patellar ligament
Where does the patellar ligament strengthen the knee joint
anteriorly
Where does the LCL strengthen the knee joint
Prevents hyper-aDDuction of leg, sits on lateral side (strong, cord-like)
Where does the MCL strengthen the knee joint
prevents hyper-aBDuction (Strong, flat)
Where does the MCL attach
tibia and medial meniscus
What reinforces the knee capsule posteriorly
Oblique popliteal ligament
What ligament strengthens the capsule posteriolaterally
Arcuate popliteal ligament
What are the ALCs attachments
Proximal: Intercondylar fossa (lateral wall)
Distal: Anterior to intercondylar eminence on tibia
What does the ACL stabilize and which direction does it prevent translation on
Main stabilizer in extension
Prevents anterior translation (Stops the movement of the tiba going forward)
Is ACL or PCL stronger
PCL is bigger and stronger
Attachments of PCL
Proximal: Medial wall of intercondylar fossa
Distal: Posterior to intercondylar eminance
What does the PCL do
Prevent posterior translation of tibia
Main stabilizer in flexion
Is the PCL or ACL the main stabilizer in Flexion
PCL
Is the ACL or PCL the main stabilizer in extension
ACL
What are the function of the Menisci
Improve stability, shock absorbtion
Compare the Medial and Lateral meniscui shapes
Lateral: Circular
Medial: C-shaped
Most common MOI of ACL tear
Non-contact, food fixed, femur keeps going forward (Jump, stop, plant, move).
PCL MOI commonly
Land on tibial tuberosity with flexed knee ( mostly contact injury)
Meniscus tear MOI
Compression and rotation, usually tear medial meniscus, commonly seen with MCL injury
Peroneus longus AIOI
O: Head and lateral fibula
I: Base of 1st metatarsal, (Big toe), Medial cuneiform
A: Everts the foot
Inn: Superficial peroneal nerves
Peroneus Brevis AIOI
O: Inferior lateral fibula
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal (little toe)
A: Everts the foot
Inn: Superficial peroneal nerve
Which bursae are in connection with the fluid/synovial cavity of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar, gastrocnemius, semimembranousus, popliteus
What creates the genicular anastomosis
Profunda, femoral a, popliteal genicular arteries (Superior, inferior, medial, lateral)
What innervates the knee joint
femoral, tibial, common fibular n
PCL tear most common MOI
contact- fall forward on knee that’s flexed
What is the “unhappy triad”
Meniscal tear, ACL, MCL injury
Tibialis Anterior AIOI
O: Latearl condyle of tibia, superior lateral tibia, interosseous membrane
I: Medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex ankle (Bring foot up to nose), invert foot (bring inwards)
Inn: Deep peroneal nerve
Extensor Digitorum Longus AIOI
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, superior medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
A: Extend lateral 4 digits, dorsiflex ankle
Inn: Deep peroneal Nerve
Extensor Hallicus longus
O: Middle anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal aspect of distal phalanx of hallux
A: Extend hallux, dorsiflex ankle
Inn: Deep peroneal nerve
Peroneus Tertius AIOI
O: Inferior anterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex ankle, eversion of foot.
Inn: Deep peroneal nerve
What anchors all of the tendons going to the foot at the base of the ankle
Superior Extensor Retinaculum (Anterior tibia to fibula)
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (Calcaneus–> Medial Malleolus and halluis).
What does the Tibial artery run between
Lateral and medial malleolus
Muscles of dorsum of foot Origin/Insertion/Inn
Origin: Superior surface of calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum
Extensor hallucis brevis inserts on base of hallux
Extensor Digitorum Brevis inserts on toes 2-4
Innervated by Deep Peroneal nerve
Gastrocnemius AIOI
O: Medial head: Popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
Lateral head: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
I: Tendocalcaneous
A: Plantarflexes ankle, flex knee
Inn: Tibial nerve
Plantaris AIOI
O: Lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: Tendocalcaneous
A: Plantarflexion of ankle
Inn: Tibial nerve
Soleus AIOI
O: Soleal line of tibia
I: Tendinocalcaneous
A: Plantarflexion
Inn: Tibial n
Popliteus AIOI
O: Pit for popliteus and lateral miniscus
I: Tibialcalcaneous
A: Unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur
Inn: Tibial n
Tibialis Posterior AIOI
O: Posterior surface of tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Navicular tuberosity, medial cuneiform
A: Plantarflex ankle, invert foot
Inn: Tibial n
Flexor Digitorum longus AIOI
O: Posterior surface of tibia
I: Base of distal phalynx of digits
A: Flex lateral 4 digits, plantarflex ankle
Inn: Tibial n
Flexor Hallucis Longus AIOI
O: Posterior surface of fibula
I: Base of hallux
A: Flex hallux, plantarflex
Inn: Tibial n
Medial to Lateral arrangement of Tendons of ankle joint
T: Tibialis posterior
D: flexor Digitorum longus
A: Artery (posterior tibial)
V: Vein (posterior tibial)
N: Nerve (tibial)
H: flexor Hallucis longus
(Tom, Dick, and Very Naughty Harry)
Where does the flexor retinaculum travel
Medial malleolus–> calcaneous
The common fibular comes from what and goes to what
Comes from sciatic nerve, turns into Superficial fibular n and deep fibular n. Lateral side of the leg.
If you have an injury on the lateral side of the leg, what nerve is likely implicated
the common fibular nerve (superficial fibular nerve)
Where does the deep fibular nerve supply
Anterior compartment of leg, supply big toe (hallucis brevis)
Popliteal artery gives rise to what
Anterior and posterior tibial artery
The femoral artery turns in to what at the adductor hiatus
Popliteal artery
Where does the femoral artery turn into the popliteal artery
Adductor hiatus
Which artery pierces through the interosseous membrane
The anterior tibial artery
What does anterior tibial a turn into at the foot
dorsalis pedis a
What is the anastaomosis in the foot?
Anterior tibial–> Dorsalis pedis–> Acruate a–>Lateral tarsal a. Lateral tarsal a. meets with dorsalis pedis a.
