Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh

Question 1

What travels through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 1

Greater: Sciatic n (Structures going in and out of pelvis)
Lesser: Pudental n (Structures going in and out of perineum)

Question 2

Gluteus Maximus OIAI

Answer 2

O: Illium, sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
I: IT tract, Gluteal tuberosity
A: Extend hip, lateral rotation, Assists in standing from sitting
Inn: Inferior Gluteal n.

Question 3

Gluteus Medius Muscle OIAI

Answer 3

O: Ilium
I: Lateral greater Trocahnter
A: ABduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Inn: Superior Gluteal n.

Question 4

Gluteus Minimus Muscle AIOI

Answer 4

O: Ilium
I: Anterior Greater Trochanter
A:Abduct and medially rotate hip, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Inn: Superior Gluteal n.

Question 5

What nerve is damaged when Trendelenburg’s sign occurs

Answer 5

Superior Gluteal n is damaged
- Gluteus minimus and medius are paralyzed.

Question 6

Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle AIOI

Answer 6

O: ASIS and iliac crest
I: IT band, lateral condyle of tibia
A: Abduct, medially rotate, flex thigh
Inn: Superior Gluteal n

Question 7

Periformis m. AIOI

Answer 7

O: Sacrum and Sacrotuberous ligament
I: Greater Trochanter
A: Laterally rotate, extend hip, abduct flexed hip
Inn: S1 and S2

Question 8

Obturator internus m

Answer 8

O: Obturator membrane
I: Medial Greater Trochanter
A: Laterally rotate extended hip, abduct flexed hip
Inn: Obturator internus

Question 9

Superior and inferior Gemelli muscles AIOI

Answer 9

O: Superior: Ischial spine. Inferior: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial Greater Trochanter
A: Laterally rotate and extend hip, abduct flexed hip
Inn: Superior: obtrator internus, Inferior: quadratus femoris

Question 10

Quadratus Femoris M AIOI

Answer 10

O: Lateral ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate tubercle (intertrochanteric crest)
A: Laterally rotate hip
Inn: Quadratus femoris

Question 11

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

Answer 11

Iliofemoral ligament- anterior support (strongest)

Question 12

Which Hip joint ligament is the strongest

Answer 12

Iliofemoral ligament- prevents hyperextension, strong anterior support.

Question 13

Which ligament prevents hyperabduction of the hip joint

Answer 13

Pubofemoral ligament- Inferior support

Question 14

Which ligament provides inferior support of the hip joint

Answer 14

Pubofemoral ligament

Question 15

Which ligament prevents hyperflexion of the hip joint

Answer 15

Ischiofemoral ligament - posterior support- weakest

Question 16

Which hip joint ligament is the weakest

Answer 16

Ischiofemoral ligament - prevents posterior dislocation (does so poorly)

Question 17

What is the most common type of hip dislocation and why

Answer 17

Posterior dislocation, because the ischiofemoral ligament that prevents posterior dislocation is the weakest hip joint ligament

Question 18

Semitendinous Muscle AIOI

Answer 18

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial superior tibia
A: Extend hip, flex knee, medially rotate when flexed
Inn: Tibial division of Sciatic n

Question 19

Semimembranous muscle OIAI

Answer 19

O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Posterior medial tibia
A: Extend hip, flex knee, medially rotate hip when flexed
Inn: Tibial division of sciatic n

Question 20

Biceps Femoris muscle OIAI

Answer 20

O: Long head- ischial tuberosity; short head- Linea aspera and supracondylar line
I: Lateral side of head of fibula
A: Flex knee, rotate laterally when flexed, long head extends hip
Inn: Long head- Tibial division of sciatic. Short head- fibular division of sciatic n

Question 21

What does the Sciatic n branch into

Answer 21

Tibial nerve (gives off medial sural cutaneous n)
Common fibular n ( Gives off lateral sural cutaneous n)

Question 22

What pierces through the popliteal fossa roof

Answer 22

sural n
short saphenous v

Question 23

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa

Answer 23

Superior: Hamstrings
Inferior: Medial and Lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Question 24

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa

Answer 24

popliteal artery
popliteal v
Terminal branches of sciatic n (Tibial n, common peroneal n)