Leg Flashcards
contents anterior compartment lower leg
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallicus longus
tibialis anterior
peroneus tertius
deep peroneal nerve
anterior tibial artery and nerve
contents lateral compartment lower leg
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
superficial peroneal nerve
contents deep posterior compartment lower leg
flexor hallicus longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
fibular artery and vein
posterior tibial artery and vein
tibial nerve
contents superfical posterior compartment lower leg
soleus
gastroc
Branches of the sciatic nerve
tibial and common peroneal
Arteries of lower limb
aorta
common iliacs
internal and external iliacs
external iliac > common femoral > superficial femoral and profunda femoris
profunda femoris > medial and lateral circumflex and perforating branches
superficial femoral > popliteal > anterior tibial and peroneal trunk
anterior tibial > dorsalis pedis
tibioperoneal trunk > posterior tibial and peroneal
Where does the femoral artery become popliteal
adductor hiatus
contents adductor canal
femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve
Adductors
pectineus
gracillis
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
arterial supply and innervation adductors
obturator nerve L2-4
profunda femoris
Where does the dural sheath terminate?
S2
Origin of gluteus maximus
ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion of gluteus maximus
IT tract (3/4) and gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/4)
Nerve supply gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve L5 S1 S2
Actions of gluteus maximus
extension of thigh
lateral rotation
balance pelvis on thigh
steady femur on knee
Origin gluteus medius
ilium
insertion gluteus medius
lateral greater trochanter
nerve supply gluteus medius
superior gluteal L4 L5 S1
actions gluteus medius
abduction
prevent pelvis tilting
gluteus minimus origin
ilium
gluteus minimus insertion
anterior GT
nerve supply gluteus minimus
superior gluteal L4 L5 S1
action gluteus minimus
abduction
medial rotation
tensor fascia lata origin
posterior to ASIS
tensor fascia lata insertion
IT tract
nerve supply TFL
superior gluteal L4 L5 S1
action TFL
assists gluteus maximus to stabilise the thigh
piriformis origin
sacrum
piriformis insertion
upper GT
nerve supply piriformis
direct fro S2/3
action piriformis
lateral rotation
obturator internus origin
obturator membrane
obturator internus inserion
medial GT
nerve supply obterator internus
nerve to obturator internus L5 S1 S2
origin gemelli
lesser sciatic notch
insertion gemelli
tendon obturator internus
nerve supply gemelli
superior - nerve to ob internus
inferior - nerve to quad femoris
origin quadrator femoris
ischial tuberosity
insertion quadrator femoris
trochanteric crest
nerve supply quadrator femoris
nerve to quadrator femoris L4 L5 S1
boundaries of greater sciatic foramen
anterior/superior - greater sciatic notch
inferior - sacrospinous ligament
posterior - sacrotuberous ligament
boundaries lesser sciatic foramen
anterior - ischium and sacrospinous ligament
posterior - sacrotuberous ligament
structures passing through GSF
things above piriformis
piriformi
things below piriformis
structures passing through GSF above piriformis
superior gluteal vessels
superior gluteal nerve
structures passing through GSF below piriformis
inferior gluteal vessels
inferior gluteal nerve
internal pudendal vessels
internal pudendal nerve
sciatc nerve
posterior cutaneous nerve
nerve to quadratus femoris
nerve to obturator internus
structures passing through LSF
tendon obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
internal pudendal vessels
pudendal nerve
lateral rotators of thigh
piriformis
gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
gluteus maximus
abductors of thigh
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
Where do you find ligamentum teres?
central fovea head of femur
angle of femoral neck
125 degrees
smaller angle in women
which is more lateral GT or LT?
GT
what stops the patella slipping off?
lateral condyle of femur is bigger and the insertion of last fibres of vastus medialis
position of leg in #NOF
short, adducted externally rotated
where do cruciates and menisci attach?
intercondylar area
WHat does the soleal line mark
origin of soleus
groove on medial maleolus for which tendon?
tibialis posterior
grooves on lateral malleous for which tendons?
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
proximal row of tarsal bones
talus, calcaneous and navicular
distal row of tarsal bones
3x cuneiforms and cuboid
cueniforms articulate with navicular and cuboid articulates with calcaneus
what are the muscular/tendonous attachments to talus?
none
groove on talus for what tendon
flexor hallicus longus
which tubercle of the calcaneous is weightbearing?
lateral
groove on cuboif for what tendon?
peroneous longus
what tendon attaches to navicular ?
tibialis posterior
which flexor has 2 sesamoid bones in the tendon in the foot?
fleor hallicus brevis
which bone is fractured in a march fracture?
second metatarsal
which tendon attaches to the fifth metatarsal
peroneus brevis
boundaries of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
adductor longus
sartorius
contents femoral triangle
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal
deep inguinal lymph nodes
relations femoral canal
posteiror - pectineul ligament
medial - lacunar ligament
anteiror - inguinal ligament
lateral - femoral vein
contents femoral sheath
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal
fascia femoral sheath
anterior - transversalis
posterior - iliacus
sites draining to inguinal nodes
buttocks
lower limb
lower trunk and back below the umbilicus
abdominal wall below and including the umbilicus
perineum
penis and scrotum
vulva and lower 3rd vagina
fundus uterus
lower half anal canal
where is the adductor canal
apex femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa
borders of popliteal fossa
above and medial - semimembranosus and semitendinosus
above and lateral - biceps femoris
below - lateral and medial heads of gastroc to make diamond shape
deepest structure in the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
muscle making floor of popliteal fossa
popliteus
vessel piercing the deep fascia roof of popliteal fossa
small saphenous vein
contents of popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
sciatic nerve enters, common peroneal and tibial leave
lymoh nodes (drainign lateral foot and heel)
fat
bursae
branches of femoral artery
superficial epigastric
superficial circumflex iliac
superficial external pudendal
deep external pudendal
profunda femoris
is profunda femoris anterior or posterior to adductor longus?
posterior
branches of popliteal artery
anterior and posterior tibial
muscular
geniculate to the knee
which muscle overlaps popliteal artery at the opening to poplitealfossa
semimembranosus
below the poplitealfossa, which muscles cover the popliteal artery
gastroc and plantaris
where does the posterior tibial artery divide and into which branches
flexor retinaculum
medial and lateral plantar arteries
and the peroneal at the tibial trunk
between which tendons do you find the anterior tibial artery above and bellow ankle?
above - extensor hallicus longus
tibilais anterior
below - extensor hallicus longus and exensor digitorum lingus
which tendon crosses the tibialis anteririor artery
extensor hallicus longus
what artery does the tib ant artery become
doraslis pedis
where can you palpate the femoral artery
midinguinal piint - half way between ASIS and PS
which artery is vulnerable in femoral supracondylar fractures
popliteal
relationshio great saphenous vein and medial malleolus
vein is always anterior
course of great saphenous vein
medial side of dorsal venous arch of foot > infront of medial malleolus >behind medial border of patella > medial aspect of thigh > pierces deep fascia > terminates in femoral vein at saphenous opening 4cm below pubic tubercle
which nerve accompanies the great saphenous vein
saphenous nerve
course of short saphenous vein
originates lateral aspect of dorsal arch > behind lateral malleolus > pierces deep fascia at poplital fossa > termiates in popliteal vein
anterior compartment thigh
quadriceps - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
sartorius
femoral nerve
superficial femoral artery
medial compartment thigh
obturator externus
adductor magnus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
pectineus
gracillis
obturator artery/profunda femoris
obturator nerve
posterior compartment thigh
semitendinous, semimembrinous, biceps femoris
sciatic nerve
profunda femoris
principal branches lumber plexus
ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
lateral cutaneous of thigh
femoral
obturator
ilioinguinal nerve root, course and supply
T12 L1
enters the inguinal canal
supplies skin of groin and anterior scrotum
genitofemoral nerve root, course and supply
L1 L2
anterior surface psoas
posterior to ureters
genital branch
- deep inguinal ring
- cremaster muscle
- emerges from superficial ring and supplies the skinof the scrotum
- in females supplies the labia majora
femoral branch
- deep to inguinal ligament in the femoral sheath
- skin just inferior to the ligament
lateral cutaneous nerve root, course and supply
L2 L3
deep o inguinal ligament
if peirces the inguinal ligament = meralgia paraesthetia
femoral nerve root, course and supply
L2 L3 L4
lateral aspect of psoas
under inguinal ligament lateral to the artery
5cm from ingional ligament breaks into terminal branches
terminal branches of femoral nerve
muscular - quads, sartorius, pectineus
cutaneous - saphenous, medial and intermediate cutaneous
articular to hip and knee
obturator nerve root, course and supply
L2 L3 L4
medial psoas
deep to internal iliacs
enters thigh through obturator foramen
anterior and posterior branches
anteriro - adductor longus, brevis, gracillus
posterior - adductor magnus, obteruartor externus, knee
where do the trunks of the lumbar plexus emerge
all in psoas
lateral except from genitofemoral and obturator
genitofemoral - anterior
obturator - medial
where does the sacral plexus emerge
anterior sacralforamina infront of piriformis
superior gluteal nerve root, course and supply
L4L5S1
out of greater sciatic foramen above piriformis
accomapines superior gluteal vessels
supplies gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia lata
inferior gluteal nerve root, course and supply
L5 S1 S2
passes out of pelvis below piriformis
supplies gluteus maximus
pudendal nerve root, course and supply
S2,3,4
out of greater sciatic foramen between piriformis and coccygeus
medial to sacral nerve
medial to internal pudendal artery
back into pelvis vis lesser sciatic foramen
three branches
- inferior rectal, perineal, dorsal nerve of penis
sciatic nerve root, course and supply
L4-5 S1-3
emerges fom GSF below piriformiscovered by gluteus maximus
descend deep to hamstrings
crossed by longhead biceps
divides into tibial and common peroneal
supplies hamstrings
tibial nerve root, course and supply
L4,5 S1-3
larger than common peoneal
superficial to vessels in popliteal fossa, crossed lateral to medial
behind medial malleolus
medial and lateral plantar nerves
sural nerve branch in popliteal fossa
supplies posterior compartment leg, inrinsic muscles foot, sole of foot (edial and plaetral plantars)
common peroneal
L4 L5 S1 S2
Enters popliteal fossa lateral to tibial
along medial border to biceps tendon
wings around neck of fibula
what is sural nerve a branch of
tibial in popliteal fossa
what is saphenous nerve a branch of
femoral nerve in thigh
deep peroneal nerve root, course and supply
pierces extensor digitorum
supplies anterior compartment and first web space
common nerve root, course and supply
lateral compartment and lateral leg and dorsum of foot
knee tendon reflex muscle and root
quadriceps L3/4 - femoral nerve
ankle tendon reflex muscle and root
gastrocnemius s1 - tibial/sciatic
hip flexors
iliacus
psoas major
rectus femoris
sartorius
pectineus
abductors and medial rotators of hip
gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata
where do plantar ligaments attach
calcaneum
lateral ankle ligaments
3 parts
antierior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular
medial ankle ligaments
medial maleolus to talus
what provides the most stability at the knee
quadriceps
what is pes anserinus?
tendon of gracillis, sartorius and semitendinosus at medial knee
helps with meial support for knee
can get a bursitis
Where does psoas major originate and attach nd what is it innervated by
T12 to L4
lesser trochanter
L1-L3 anterior rami