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Anatomy > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

First Branchial Arch derivates

A

Trigeminal nerve
Incus
Muscles mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor palati

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2
Q

Second Branchial Arch derivates

A

Facial nerve
Stapes, styloid process, upper body of hyoid, cornu of hyoid
Posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius.

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3
Q

Third Branchial Arch derivates

A

Glossopharyngeal
Lower body of hyoid, greater cornu
Stylopharyngeus

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4
Q

Fourth to Sixth Branchial Arch derivates

A

Vagus, Laryngeal and Recurrent laryngeal
Thyroid, Aryteroid, corniculate and cuneiform
Pharynx, larynx, palate

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5
Q

First Pharyngeal Pouch derivates

A

Eustacian tube, middle ear, mastoid, antrum

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6
Q

Second Pharyngeal Pouch derivates

A

Palatine tonsil (tonsillar fossa)

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7
Q

Third Pharyngeal Pouch derivates

A

Thymus, inferior parathyroid

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8
Q

How many branchial arches

A

6

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9
Q

How many pharyngeal pouches

A

4

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10
Q

Fourth Pharyngeal Pouch derivates

A

superior parathyroid, part of thyroid

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11
Q

Why do some people get thyroglossal cysts?

A

traces remaining of diverticulum from thyroglossal duct (foramen caecum)

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12
Q

Why do some people get cleft lip?

A

failue of fusion of frontonasal ad maxillary processes

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13
Q

Why do some people get cleft palate?

A

failure of fusion of primary (premaxillary) and secondary (hard and soft) palates

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14
Q

Why do some people get spina bifida?

A

failure to fuse of neural arches

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15
Q

What is the difference between spina bifida occulta and manifesta

A

occulta = vertebral anomaly, meninges intact
manifesta - meningicoele or meningomyelocoele - associated with hydrocephalus

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16
Q

What are the fascial layers of the neck?

A

Platysma - superficial layer of muscle anterior neck
Investing fascial layer - around muscles of neck and partotid/submandibular glands
Prevertebral layer - vertebrae and prevertebral muscles. brachial and cervical plexuses, floor of posterior triangle
Pretracheal layer - hyoid to pericrardium. Thyroid, larynx, pharynx, trachea, oesophagus.

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17
Q

Contents of carotid sheath

A

common (-internal) carotid artery
vagus nerve
internal jugular vein

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18
Q

What is most lateral in the carotid sheath

A

IJV

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19
Q

Borders of anterior triangle

A

ramus of mandible
midline of neck
anterior border of SCM

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20
Q

Which nerve innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

ansa cervicalis

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21
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyromyoid
onohyoid

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22
Q

What action do the infrahyoid muscles produce

A

open mouth against resistance

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23
Q

Origins of common carotid arteries

A

right - brachiocephalic
left - aortic arch

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24
Q

At what level does the common carotid bifurcate?

A

C3 - anterior thyroid

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25
Q

How do you tell the difference between the internal and external carotid in the neck

A

internal carotid - in sheath and no branches

26
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid in the neck

A

Some Attendings Like Freaking Out Potential (Med Students)
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular

27
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid and where do the bifurcate?

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary
In the parotid gland

28
Q

Where is the internal jugular vein formed?

A

continuation of sigmoid sinus
jugular foramen

29
Q

What is the relation of the IJV to the ICA?

A

starts posterior and then lateral as it descends

30
Q

Where does the IJV terminate and what vein does it become?

A

between heads of the SCM

IJV + subclavian = brachiocephalic

31
Q

What is the blood supply to the thyroid and the branches?

A

Superior thyroid - external carotid
inferior thyroid - thyrocervical trunk of subclavian
Thyrodica ima - variant - aotic arch

Superior and middle thyroid veins - IJV
Inferior thyroid vein - brachiocephalic

32
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the larynx?

A

supraglottic - above false cords
glottic between false and tru cords
infraglottic - true cords to 1st tracheal ring

33
Q

Lymphatic drainage of epiglottis

A

above cords - superficial
below cords - deep

34
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

35
Q

Epithelium of the pharynx

A

naso - pseudostratified collumnar
oro and laryngo into oesophagus = stratified squamous

36
Q

Borders of the posterior triangle

A

front - posterior border SCM
back - anterior border trapezius
apex - SCM and trapezius attachments
base - middle 1/3 clavicle
Floor - scalene
roof - investing layer cervical fascia

37
Q

Relations of accessory nerve

A

posterior to SCM and under trapezius - supplies both
sits on levator scapulae

38
Q

Course of phrenic nerve

A

cervical plexus - C234, lateral border scalene anterior - over the scalene anterior, lateral to subclavian vein - leaves neck between the subclavian artery and vein

39
Q

Branches of subclavian artery

A

vertebral
internal mammary (thoracic)
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk
termiates at axillary artery

40
Q

brachial plexus relations to scalenes and subclavian artery

A

between scalene anterior and medius, which are btih infront of artery.

41
Q

Where is Erb’s point on brachial plexus?

A

C5-6

42
Q

Where is Klumpke’s point on brachial plexus

A

C8-T1

43
Q

Brachial plexus sections

A

roots (5) trunks (3) divisions (6) cords (3)

44
Q

Where does the long thoracic come of brachial plexus?

A

roots c3,4,5

45
Q

Where does Supraspinatus come off brachial plexus?

A

upper branch

46
Q

Where does Supraspinatus come off brachial plexus?

A

upper trunk

47
Q

Where do subscapularis and thoracodorsal come off brachial plexus?

A

posterior cord

48
Q

How many nuclei facial nerve?

A

4

motor
trigeminal (sensory)
solitarus (taste)
salivary (preganglionic parasympathetic)

49
Q

Where does rigeminal nerve originate?

A

pons

50
Q

Where does the facial nerve converge when leaving the brainstem?

A

cerebello pontine angle

51
Q

where does the trigemnial nerve converge

A

meckels cave

52
Q

What foramen does the facial nerve branch through?

A

internal auditory meatus

greater petrosal nerve - formaen lacerum

53
Q

What foramina do the trigeminal nerve branches pass though?

A

ophthalmic - suprioe orbital fissue
maxillary - rotundum
mandibular - foramen ovale

54
Q

What is the first branch of the facial nerve and where?

A

greater petrosal
at the geniculate ganglion

before entering the middle ear

55
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve before entering the stylomastoid foramen

A

posterior auricular and chorda tympani
nerve to stapedius

56
Q

What does the chorda tympani supply?

A

submandubular and lacrimal glands
taste anterior 2/3 tongue

57
Q

what muscles does the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

muscles of mastication

masseter
temporalis
medial and lateral pterygoids
anterior belly digasttric
mylohyoid
tensor tympani and palatini

58
Q

where do the motor fibres if trigeminal nerve run?

A

along the mandibular branch

59
Q

Most superficial structure passing thorugh submandubular gland

A

marginal mandibular nerve

60
Q

Artery damaged during excision of submandibular gland

A

facial

61
Q

name for submandibular gland

A

whartons ducts

Anatomy (7 decks)

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