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Bordeaux > Left Bank Appellations of Bordeaux > Flashcards

Left Bank Appellations of Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

How many AOPs are there in Bordeaux?

A

39

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2
Q

What are the three regional AOPs of Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Crémant de Bordeaux AOP

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3
Q

What are the authorized white grapes of Bordeaux AOP (9)?

A

Min 70% Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle
Max 30% combined Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc, Colombard, Liliorila, Alvahrino w/ max 10% combined Liliorila and Alvahrino

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4
Q

What are the authorized grapes of Bordeaux AOP for red and clairet? (10)?

A

Principal Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot (Malbec), Merlot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère
Accessory Varieties: Max 5% combined Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional

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5
Q

What are the authorized white grapes of Bordeaux Supérieur AOP (8)?

A

Principal Varieties: Min. 70% combined Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle
Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc, Colombard, and Liliorila, with max. 5% Liliorila

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6
Q

What are the authorized red grapes of Bordeaux Supérieur AOP (10)?

A

Principal Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot (Malbec), Merlot, Petit Verdot, and Carmenère
Accessory Varieties: Max. 5% combined Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, and Touriga Nacional

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7
Q

What is the aging requirement of Bordeaux AOP? Bordeaux Supérieur AOP Rouge?

A

Bordeaux AOP until January of year following harvest.
Bordeaux Supérieur until mid-June of year following harvest

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8
Q

What is vine density of Bordeaux AOP vs Bordeaux Supérieur AOP?

A

4,000 vines per hectare vs 4,500 vines per hectare

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9
Q

What are maximum yields of Bordeaux AOP vs Bordeaux Supérieur AOP?

A

Bordeaux AOP:
Blanc: 67 hl/ha
Rosé: 62 hl/ha
Rouge: 60 hl/ha
Bordeaux “Haut Benauge”: 55 hl/ha

Bordeaux Supérieur AOP:
Blanc: 49 hl/ha
Rouge: 59 hl/ha

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10
Q

What are minimum potential alcohol of Bordeaux AOP vs Bordeaux Supérieur AOP?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Blanc (Sec): 10%
Blanc (with residual sugar): 10.5% (10% acquired)
Rosé: 10%
Rouge: 10.5%
Blanc Moelleux: 10.5%
Bordeaux “Haut Benauge”: 11.5% (11% acquired)

Bordeaux Supérieur AOP:
Blanc: 12% (11% acquired)
Rouge: 11%

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11
Q

Are American oak and oak chips allowed in Bordeaux AOP and Bordeaux Supérieur AOP?

A

YES

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12
Q

What are the styles and grapes of Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?

A

Vin Mousseux Blanc:
Principal Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris
Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Colombard, Merlot Blanc, and Ugni Blanc
Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère

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13
Q

Aging requirements for Crémant de Bordeaux AOP?

A

Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation
The wines must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage

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14
Q

Minimum atmospheres of pressure for Crémant de Bordeaux?

A

3.5 atmospheres of pressure

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15
Q

What Chateau is petitioning the INAO to grant it AOP status?

A

Chateau le Puy

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16
Q

What are the sweet wine appellations of Bordeaux and their minimum residual sugar levels?

A

Bordeaux Superior AOP - medium sweet: 17 g/l
Premieres-Cotes-de-Bordeaux AOP: 34 g/l
Graves Superior AOP: 34 g/l
Cerons AOP: 45 g/l
Barsac AOP: 45 g/l
Sauternes AOP: 45 g/l
Cadillac AOP: 51 g/l
Loupiac: 45 g/l
Saint-Croix-du-Mont: 45 g/l
Cotes-de-Bordeaux-Saint Macaire AOP: Sec: max. 4 g/l; Moelleux: 34-45 g/l; Liquoreux: min. 45 g/l
Cotes-de-Bordeaux “Francs”:
(Blanc Liquoreux: Min. 51 g/l)
Cotes-de-Bordeaux “Sainte-Foye”
(Blanc Moelleux: 17-45 g/l, Blanc Liquoreux: Min. 51 g/l)

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17
Q

What are the 8 AOPs of the Medoc?

A

Medoc AOP
Haut-Medoc AOP
Saint-Estephe AOP
Pauillac AOP
Saint-Julien AOP
Margaux AOP
Moulis/Moulis-en-Medoc AOP
Listrac Medoc AOP

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18
Q

What is the soil of Saint-Estephe?

A

Gravel but with more clay than other village appellations. Because of this, Saint-Estephe can withstand hotter vintages.

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19
Q

What is the soil of Pauillac?

A

Gravel mounds/croupes.

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20
Q

What percentage of Saint-Julien is owned by classed growths?

A

90%

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21
Q

What is the soil of Saint-Julien?

A

Gravel

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22
Q

What is the soil of Margaux?

A

Thinner and mostly gravel.

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23
Q

What is the soil of Listrac Medoc AOP?

A

More limestone.

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24
Q

List two Crus Bougeois producers in Moulis/Moulis-en-Medoc AOP.

A

Chateau Chasse-Spleen
Chateau Poujeau

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25
Q

What is the stream called south of Saint-Estephe that separates it from Pouillac?
What two estates does it divide?

A

Jalle de Breuil
Cos d’Estournel and Lafite-Rothschild.

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26
Q

What two groups are the Saint-Julien Chateau’s divided into?

A

Riverside estates (The Leoville’s).
Southern group centered on village of Beycheville.

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27
Q

What are the 6 AOPs of the Graves North to South?

A

Pessac-Leognan AOP
Graves AOP
Graves Superior AOP
Cerons AOP
Barsac AOP
Sauternes AOP

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28
Q

What styles and encepagement are allowed in Pessac-Leognan AOP?

A

Still white and red.
Blanc: Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Muscadelle
Rouge: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Cot (Malbec), Carmenère

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29
Q

What are the two most important producers of Pessac-Leognan AOP?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion
Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion

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30
Q

What is the soil in the vineyards of Haut-Brion and La Mission Haut-Brion?

A

Gravel

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31
Q

Whose Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc are usually the first to be harvested in the Gironde?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion’s

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32
Q

This First Growth has more Merlot planted than Cabernet Sauvignon.

A

Chateau Haut-Brion

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33
Q

in 1983, Chateau Haut-Brion bought these two Chateau’s.

A

Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion
Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion

34
Q

When did Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion produce its last vintage?

A

2005

35
Q

When did Chateau Laville Haut-Brion produce its last vintage?

A

2008

36
Q

What two properties now supply fruit for a second red wine and a new white wine under Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion?

A

Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion (red)
Chateau Laville Haut-Brion (white)

37
Q

What are the sweet white wine appellations of Graves and their minimum residual sugar levels?

A

Graves Superior AOP: 34 g/l
Cerons AOP: 45 g/l
Barsac AOP: 45 g/l
Sauternes: 45 g/l

38
Q

In what AOPs of Graves is passerillage AND botrytis allowed?

A

Graves Superior AOP
Cerons AOP

39
Q

How do density and yields compare in Barsac AOP and Sauternes AOP compared to Graves Superior AOP and Cerons AOP?

A

Barsac and Sauternes:
Minimum planting Density: 6,500 vines/ha
Max Yields: 25 hl/ha
Graves Superior and Cerons:
Minimum planting Density: 5,000 vines/ha
Max Yields: 40 hl/ha

40
Q

What are the rivers in Sauternes?

A

Garonne
Ciron

41
Q

How do the rivers in Sauternes influence botrytis?

A

They encourage morning mist and humidity which in turn encourages noble rot.

42
Q

What is pouriture noble?

A

Noble rot.

43
Q

What is the average number if tries/year in Sauternes?

A

3-4

44
Q

How many tries does Chateau d’Yquem perform each year?

A

11 (in 1974 they performed 11 tries over 10 weeks only to reject the harvest)

45
Q

Minimum must weight and RS of Sauternes?

A

Minimum Must Weight: 221 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 45 g/l

(RS can get up to 120-160 g/l)

46
Q

If Barsac and Saurternes produce a dry white wine, what must it be labeled as?

A

Bordeaux AOP

47
Q

What is Chateau d’Yquem’s dry white wine called?
What was its inaugural vintage?

A

Chateau d’Yquem Y grec.
75% Sauvignon Blanc and 25% Sémillon
1959

48
Q

What are the communes of Sauternes?

A

Sauternes
Bommes
Fargues
Preignac
Barsac

49
Q

If Cerons is red, how is it labeled?

A

Graves AOP

50
Q

Where is the Médoc?

A

Bordeaux
Bounded by the Atlantic and the Gironde
Northern “lower” = Bas-Medoc
Southern “upper” = Haut-Médoc

51
Q

What is the Landes Forest?

A

A man made forest on the western sections of the Médoc
-helps to shield the region’s vineyards from Atlantic weather and winds

52
Q

Wines labeled Haut-Médoc are typically produced where?

A

To the west of Saint-Estèphe, Pauillac and Saint-Julien or south of Margaux

53
Q

What is one of the leading unclassified estates of the Médoc?

A

Château Sociando-Mallet

54
Q

What is the Ciron?

A

A tributary of the Garonne cutting through Barsac and Sauternes, creating a “T” that contributes to botrytis.

55
Q

What is higher: max yield for the Médoc/Haut-Médoc, or max yield for St-Estèphe, Paulliac, St-Julien, and the other communal appellations?

A

Médoc/Haut-Médoc @ 55hl/h v. 57 for the named communes

56
Q

What is the “super-second” of St-Estèphe?

A

Cos d’Estournel

57
Q

What are the communes of Pauillac?

A

St-Estèphe
Saint-Saveur
Pauillac
St-Julien-Beychevelle

58
Q

Min vine density of Medoc vs Haut Medoc?

A

Medoc:
5,000 vines per ha

Haut Medoc:
6,500 vines per ha

59
Q

Min vine density of Saint-Estephe, Pauillac, St Julien, Margaux?

A

7,000 vines/ha

60
Q

Min vine density of Listrac-Medoc, Moulis/Moulis-en-Medoc?

A

7,000 vines/ha

61
Q

What are the communes of St-Julien?

A

Pauillac
St-Laurent-Médoc
St-Julien-Beychevelle
Cussac-Fort-Médoc

62
Q

What are the Super Seconds of St-Julien?

A

Léoville-Las-Cases

Ducru-Beaucaillou

63
Q

What are the communes of Margaux?

A

Soussans
Margaux-Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac

64
Q

Notable unclassified estates of the Médoc.

A

Potensac (Médoc)
Sociando-Mallet (Haut-Médoc)
Chasse-Spleen (Moulis)
Poujeaux (Moulis)

65
Q

What was the Graves Classification created, and when was it revised?

A

1953
1959

66
Q

What are boulbenes?

A

A mix of sand, gravel, and light clay found in Graves

67
Q

What château originally classified in 1855 is no longer part of the classification?

A

Château Dubignon, a third growth of Margaux.
It was absorbed into Malescot-St-Exupéry post-phylloxera in the 1870’s. From 1901 to 1960 it was its own estate labeled Dubignon-Talbot and classed as Cru Bourgeois Superieur/Ancienc Troisieme Cru; later parceled and sold off.

68
Q

Pessac-Léognan AOP is located between what two cities?

A

Between Mérignac and Marillac

69
Q

Minimum Planting Density and max yields of Graves vs Pessac-Léognan.

A

Graves
Minimum Planting Density:
5,000 vines per hectare
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base):
Blanc: 58 hl/ha
Rouge: 55 hl/ha

Pessac-Léognan
Minimum Planting Density:
6,500 vines per hectare
Maximum Yields (Rendement de Base):
54 hl/ha

70
Q

What are the communes of production of Sauternes?

A

Barsac, Sauternes, Fargues, Preignac, Bommes

71
Q

What is a tool used in Sauternes to reduce volatile acidity?

A

Sulfur Dioxide is used during fermentation and élevage.

72
Q

What are the communes of Pessac-Leognan?

A

Pessac, Léognan
Cadaujac
Canéjan
Gradignan
Martillac
Mérignac
Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans
Talence
Villenave-d’Ornon

73
Q

What are the vintages where frost wreaked havoc in Bordeaux?

A

1956
1971
2017

74
Q

What are the authorized grape varieties for Bordeaux AOP rosé?

A

Principal Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cot (Malbec), Merlot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère
Accessory Varieties: Max 20% combined Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional, Alvarinho, and Liliorila, with max. 10% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Gris and max. 5% combined Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional, Alvarinho, and Liliorila

75
Q

What is the subzone of Bordeux AOP?

A

Haut-Benauge

76
Q

What are the authorized grape varieties for Bordeaux AOP Haut-Benauge Blanc?

A

Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Muscadelle

77
Q

What are the authorized styles of Bordeaux AOP?

A

Blanc
Rosé
Clairet
Rouge
Haut-Benauge Blanc

78
Q

What is min potential alcohol of Bordeaux AOP?

A

Blanc (Sec): 10%
Blanc (with residual sugar): 10.5% (10% acquired)
Rosé: 10%
Rouge: 10.5%
Blanc Moelleux: 10.5%
Bordeaux “Haut Benauge”: 11.5% (11% acquired)

79
Q

What is min must weight, rs and yield for Bordeaux AOP Haut-Benauge?

A

must weight: 195 g/l
rs: 5-60 g/l
yield: 55 hl/ha

80
Q

Bordeaux is located in this deparment.

A

Gironde

81
Q

What are the max yields of Cremant de Bordeaux?

A

72 hl/ha (100 liters per 150 kg max. press yield)

82
Q
A

Bordeaux (12 decks)

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