Lectures on RRL Flashcards
A research topic is more likely to become “_____________” if it is a determined research gap from the available literature and studies from various resources.
researchable
From its conceptual definition, it refers to a collection of written work with a heightened and artistic use of words may it be fiction or nonfiction.
Literature
From its operational definition in research, this terminology refers to published information in a particular subject area which sometimes covers a certain period of time.
Literature
Related literature can come and be taken from the following types of resources (Clemente, Julaton, & Orleans, 2016):
- General references
- Primary sources
- Secondary sources
- Tertiary resources
books, monographs, conference manuals, research articles, professional journals and similar documents are example of?
General references
It includes academic research, university research journals and reputable organizations.
Primary sources
articles, analyses, essays, newspaper, single or multiple authored textbooks are example of?
Secondary sources
books based on secondary sources that interprets the work of others.
Tertiary resources
Who identified the following characteristics of ideal materials to be cited?
Calderon and Gonzales (2014)
Characteristics of Materials to be Cited:
- Recency
- Objectivity
- Relevance
- Conciseness
The materials that should be included in the review should be recent as much as possible. For general references, published materials 10 years ago are yet sound and valid. Meanwhile, primary, secondary and tertiary references within the last five years are ideal. Archived materials may also be used as reference for theories and concepts.
Recency
Since research is academic and scholarly, the materials should be fair, objective and bias-free. It should not favor any extreme and obvious vested interest aside from delivering facts, information, and findings.
Objectivity
The weight of relevance of the material to the current research undertaking must be checked. Before citing it, it should bear essential information to clarify and deepen the issues and concepts of the research being conducted. Otherwise, the material should not be considered for the review.
Relevance
The materials that the review should have must be sufficient enough, not too few and not too many, to provide the researcher and the readers strong insight about the general and specific problems that the research is trying to address or answer.
The number of related literatures that a review should have for a senior high school research is only 4 to 6 local and international publications or materials.
Conciseness
As in all forms of writing, it always pays to have a catchy opening or introduction, a wider discussion of the perspectives about the topic in the body paragraphs, and a sound closing paragraph or statement.
Organization of the Review of Related Literature
In writing a review of related literature, there are three major approaches in ordering or sequencing the topics and concepts that you are to include.
- Chronological
- By Topic/Concept
- By Author/Writer
This approach in organizing the review puts emphasis on the timeline of development or the year the materials were written. In this case, the intention is to show how changes about the topic occurred from its emergence. This also presents the evolving mindset and thinking of the authors. Mostly, this approach is used in qualitative research.
Chronological
In this case, if many or several authors have a comparable opinion about the same topic or issue, it is appropriate to use this approach. This manner of organizing the review highlights the interrelationship of concepts which support the development of the current study. This approach is applicable in all methods of research.
By Topic/Concept
To build credibility with the claims that the research would like to stand on, presenting different authors even though they have similar ideas is highly advisable. Each point of view of every author is explained and expound to back up the main idea being presented in the review. Each author is cited in the footnote.
By Author/Writer
Can be defined as the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. It can also be defined as a process of applying moral standards and principles in any undertaking. In general, the ethical standard in research is used so that a researcher will be able to define right from wrong.
Ethics
It serve a very vital role in conducting a research study. It can keep the
researcher from committing misconduct while seeking knowledge and truth and respecting and protecting the rights of the respondents-humans and animals.
Ethics
It bind different experts together in the spirit of important values such as accountability, cooperation, coordination, mutual understanding, respect, and fairness, among others.
Ethics
8 Principles of Ethics
- Honesty
- Objectivity
- Integrity
- Carefulness
- Openness
- Respect for intellectual property
- Trustworthiness
- Social and Legal Responsibility
Transparency is the key of upholding ________ in research. Researchers must see to it that all borrowed intellectual property must be cited accurately.
Honesty
Researchers must see to it that she/he is free from any form of bias in all aspects of his/her research paper.
Objectivity
The researcher must secure that the study holds sincerity and consistency. Also, they must see to it that all of the parts promised and presented during the presentation of the proposal must be kept.
Integrity
The researcher must see to it that the conduct of the study must be free from any __________ and errors of negligence. All important data must be kept for future uses.
Carefulness
Researches must see to it that they are open-minded persons wherein they can accept suggestions from others and they can handle constructive criticism.
Openness
A good researcher must see to it that she/he practices respect for intellectual property. This principle can be executed upon proper citation of borrowed statements and giving due credit to the owner.
Respect for intellectual property
A researcher must secure that he/she is maintaining his/her ____________. The researchers must see to it that any data or information in the research, especially those data from surveys and other data gathering procedures, must be used according to its proper and allotted usage only. The researchers must also keep the confidentiality of every data gathered and must protect its privacy.
Trustworthiness
