Lectures 9-12

Question 1

Eupatrids

Answer 1

“Well-fathered men”

Question 2

Demos

Answer 2

“The people”

Question 3

Draco

Answer 3

ca. 621 b.c.e

Aristocratic Athenian charged by his fellow citizens with codifying the laws of Athens and publishing them in the agora. (harsh laws, where the term “Draconian” originates)

Question 4

Peisistratus

Answer 4

ca. 560 b.c.e

Instituted a mild tyranny in Athens in that lasted a generation and fostered civic allegiance and economic development.

Question 5

Pericles

Answer 5

Greatest democratic leader of Athens between 460 and 429 B.C.

Question 6

Solon

Answer 6

ca. 594 b.c.e.

Aristocratic Athenian entrusted by fellow citizens with revising the laws to prevent social strife.

Question 7

Solon’s Reforms

Answer 7

1. Abolished many debts and debt slavery
2. Changed the basic qualifications for office-holding and for voting in Athens from birth to wealth
3. Created a council of 400 that set the agenda for the assembly of all Athenian male citizens

Question 8

Timocracy

Answer 8

Division of political power according to wealth

Question 9

Plutocracy

Answer 9

Rule by the wealthy

Question 10

Rule of Peisistratus

Answer 10

1. Respected most of Solon’s system
2. Redistributed some land
3. Initiated Festivals
4. Public building projects

Question 11

Cleisthenes

Answer 11

ca. 508 b.c.e

Aristocratic Athenian who made major constitutional reforms around, thereby speeding the emergence of democracy.

Question 12

Reforms of Cleisthenes

Answer 12

1. New Council of 500 (mixed demographics)
2. Opened virtually all offices to almost all men
3. Ostracism - voting by writing on pots for a person to be ostracised

Question 13

Time Period of Persian Wars

Answer 13

490-478 b.c.e

Question 14

Themistocles

Answer 14

Athenian popular leader during and after the Persian Wars who got legislation passed giving the lowest classes virtually full political participation.

Question 15

Demagogue

Answer 15

Leader of the people (slightly negative connotation)

Question 16

Metics

Answer 16

Resident aliens at Athens

Question 17

Parthenon

Answer 17

Magnificent Doric temple (to Athena Parthenos) built on Athenian acropolis between 447 and 438, with sculptures completed in 432. Chief architects were Ictinus (ik-tine-us) and Callicrates (cal-lik-ra-tees); the chief sculptor was Pheidias.

Question 18

Doric

Answer 18

Name for one of the three Greek orders; pertains particularly to the columns characterized by convex shape, fluting, lack of pedestals, and simple capitals.

Question 19

stereobate

Answer 19

a solid mass of masonry serving as a foundation for a wall or row of columns, used to describe the remaining steps of the platform beneath the stylobate

Question 20

colonnade

Answer 20

a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building.

Question 21

Ionic

Answer 21

Name for one of the three Greek orders; pertains particularly to the columns characterized by graceful thinness, fluting, complex pedestals, and scroll-like capitals.

Question 22

Corinthian

Answer 22

Name for one of the three Greek orders; pertains particularly to the columns characterized by fluting, more-or-less elaborate pedestals, and Acanthus-leaf capitals. This style was especially favored by the Romans.

Question 23

tragedy

Answer 23

A dramatic work meant to evoke fear and/or pity whose major character, perhaps owing to a fatal flaw, suffers deeply and may be brought to ruin. The character may also earn the audience’s respect through a heroic struggle against fate.

Question 24

Three Surviving Greek Tragedians

Answer 24

Aeschylus (es-ka-lis) (525-456 b.c.e)

Sophocles (ca. 496-406 b.c.e)

Euripides (485-406 b.c.e)

Question 25

Poetics

Answer 25

Title of a book by Aristotle that is the first work of literary criticism.

Question 26

Herodotus

Answer 26

(c. 485–425)

Called the “father of history,” wrote a lengthy history of the Persian Wars.

Question 27

Thucydides

Answer 27

(460/455–c. 400 B.C.)

Wrote a penetrating analytical history of the Peloponnesian Wars down to 411.

Question 28

Pericles

Answer 28

Greatest democratic leader of Athens between 460 and 429 B.C.

Question 29

Xenophon

Answer 29

(428–354 B.C.)

Proli c writer of histories of the final years of the Peloponnesian War and the early 4th century.

Question 30

Three Basic Questions of Greek Philosophy

Answer 30

1. What is the world made of?
2. How can we know?
3. What should we do?

Question 31

Thales

Answer 31

Early materialist philosopher from Miletus, wrote around 600 B.C.

(Water is behind everything)

Question 32

Parmenides

Answer 32

(fl. ca. 450 b.c.e)

Presocratic philosopher and founder of Eleatic school of thought

(Being must be one, motionless, uniform, and eternal)

Question 33

Heraclitus

Answer 33

(ca. 540-480 b.c.e.)

Presocratic philosopher

(Panta rhei: “Everything flows”, can’t put your foot in the same river twice)

Question 34

Anaxagoras

Answer 34

(ca. 500 - 428 b.c.e)

Presocratic philosopher

(Mind is crucial, things exist only to the degree to which they are perceived)

Question 35

Pythagoras

Answer 35

Greek who taught in southern Italy in the late 6th century. Stressed pure contemplation as the only path to true knowledge.

Question 36

Sophists

Answer 36

Popular but controversial wandering teachers in the second half of the 5th century who, for often exorbitant fees, would teach the arts of rhetoric, that is, the arts of persuasion.

Question 37

Archon

Answer 37

in ancient Greece, the chief magistrate or magistrates in many city-states, The office became prominent in the Archaic period, when the kings (basileis) were being superseded by aristocrats.

Question 38

Boule

Answer 38

deliberative council in ancient Greece

Question 39

Ecclesia

Answer 39

(“gathering of those summoned”) in ancient Greece, assembly of citizens in a city-state.