Lecture 21 - 25

Question 1

Augustus Caesar

Answer 1

(63 B.C.–A.D.14)

Honorific title of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the adopted heir of Julius Caesar who inaugurated the principate.

Question 2

Julio-Claudians

Answer 2

Direct or indirect heirs of Julius Caesar: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero.

Question 3

Five Good Emperors

Answer 3

Extremely competent and successful Roman emperors from 96 to 180:

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius.

Question 4

Pax Romana

Answer 4

“Roman Peace”

Refers to the period that spans approximately 206 years (27 BC to AD 180), from the time of Augustus becoming emperor to the death of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

Question 5

Virgil

Answer 5

(70–19 B.C.)

Roman epic poet, author of Aeneid, Georgics, Bucolics.

Question 6

Ovid

Answer 6

(43 B.C.– A.D. 18)

Roman poet who wrote on love and mythological themes. Exiled by Augustus.

Question 7

Horace

Answer 7

(65–8 B.C.)

Elegant Roman poet and Epicurean philosopher.

Question 8

Livy

Answer 8

(59 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Grand-scale historian of Rome’s foundation and early history.

Question 9

Tacitus

Answer 9

(c. 55–c. A.D. 117)

Coolly analytical historian of early imperial Rome.

Question 10

Suetonius

Answer 10

(c. 70–c. A.D. 140):

Wrote Lives of the Twelve Caesars.

Question 11

Lucan

Answer 11

(39–65 c.e.)

Author of Pharsalia, a verse account of the civil wars between Caesar and Pompey.

Question 12

Seneca

Answer 12

(4 B.C.– A.D. 65)

Stoic philosopher of plays and other works.

Question 13

Marcus Aurelius

Answer 13

(121–180)

Last of the Good Emperors and author of an important Stoic work, Meditations.

Question 14

Quintilian

Answer 14

(c. 35–100)

Author of Institution of Oratory, antiquity’s most in uential work on rhetoric.

Question 15

Juvenal

Answer 15

(c. 60–c. 136)

Author of 16 verse satires full of social commentary.

Question 16

Martial

Answer 16

(c. 40–104)

Spanish author of riotously funny Latin epigrams.

Question 17

synoptic problem

Answer 17

Term that refers to the perceived literary relationships among the “synoptic” Gospels: Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

Question 18

bishops

Answer 18

“Overseers” in Greek, the chief religious and administrative officers of the Christian church.

Question 19

J​ustin Martyr

Answer 19

(c. 100–c. 165)

Christian apologist who wrote Dialogue with Trypho the Jew to differentiate between Christianity and Judaism.

Question 20

Ignatius of Antioch

Answer 20

(c. 35–107)

Author of letters to Christian communities that show the emerging structure of the Christian church.

Question 21

Late Antiquity Time Period

Answer 21

ca 300 - 700 c.e.

Question 22

Diocletian

Answer 22

(r. 284–305)

Roman emperor who instituted the tetrarchy (see Glossary), reformed the Roman administration, and persecuted Christians.

Question 23

tetrarchy

Answer 23

“Rule by four” instituted by Diocletian. Two augustuses and two caesars would jointly rule the empire and provide for orderly succession. Only partially successful in practice.

Question 24

Constantine

Answer 24

(r. 306–337)

Roman emperor who continued reforms of Diocletian, restructured the Roman army, granted toleration to Christianity, and became Christian himself.

Question 25

federates

Answer 25

People who had a foedus , a treaty, with Rome; usually along frontiers.