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mcb2050 > lectures 7-9 > Flashcards

lectures 7-9 Flashcards

1
Q

rap1 recruits:

A

Sir proteins

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2
Q

Sir2 function

A

-histone deacetylase
-form heterochromatin
-move genes away from HML/HMR

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3
Q

HML/HMR

A

constantly repressed genes in mating type loci of yeasts

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4
Q

telomeres bind:

A

Rap1/SIR proteins

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5
Q

permanent repression at telomeres mutation

A

lys -> arg

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6
Q

permanent activation at telomeres mutation

A

lys -> glu

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7
Q

acetylation causes:

A

-reduction of + charge
-open to euchromatin

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8
Q

deacetylation causes:

A

-increase - charge
-form heterochromatin

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9
Q

components of yeast loci repression

A

Rap1 - repressor
telomere - silencer
SIR3/4 - co-repressors
SIR2 - histone deacetylase

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10
Q

yeast telomeres silencing steps

A
  1. Rap1 binds nucleosome-free telomere
  2. SIR3/4 bind Rap1, SIR2 bind SIR4
  3. SIR2 deacetylases histone tails
  4. more SIR3/4 bind deacetylated histone tails
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11
Q

Ume6 repressor function

A
  1. DNA-bind domain binds URS1
  2. Sin3/Rpd3 deacetylase binds
  3. nearby histone tails deacetylated, gene repressed
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12
Q

Gcn4 activation steps

A
  1. DNA-bind domain binds UAS
  2. SAGA and Gcn5 histone acetyl-transferase binds
  3. histone tails are acetylated and gene is transcribed
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13
Q

chromatin remodelling complexes

A

-move nucleosomes along DNA to open promoters

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14
Q

SW1/SNF ATPases

A

shift nucleosomes away from promoter allowing txn.

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15
Q

mediator

A

-co-activator
-bind activators and GTF’s to enhance txn.

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16
Q

epigenetics

A

inheritance of chromatin structure

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17
Q

epigenetic marks

A

-methylation
-acetylation
-always rebuilt after replication fork

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18
Q

DNA methylation

A

-always in heterochromatin
-H3 (K4) - activation
-H3 (K9) - repression

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19
Q

histone acetylation

A

-always euchromatin
-H3 (K9) - always activation

20
Q

histone deacetylation

A

-always heterochromatin

21
Q

histone methylation

A

-either heterochromatin or euchromatin depending on modifications

22
Q

histone code

A

control of chromatin regions resulting from influences of post-translational modifications

23
Q

Me-DNA-bind-proteins

A

-recruit factors deacetylating histones and condensing chromatin

24
Q

mRNA components

A

-5’ cap
-introns removed by splicing
-poly A tail

25
Q

snRNA function

A

spliceosome

26
Q

siRNA function

A

-cleavage of target RNA, rapid degradation
-bind perfectly

27
Q

miRNA function

A

-inhibit translation of target RNA, target for later degradation
-bind imperfectly

28
Q

isoforms for neuron alternate splicing

A

576

29
Q

Ca2+ - activated K+ channel (neurons)

A

-7 a helices
-cytosolic domain (opening of channel)

30
Q

drosophilia alternate splicing isoforms

A

95 exons, 38000 isoforms

31
Q

Sx1 function

A

-splicing suppressor / silencer
-ONLY in females

32
Q

Tra function

A

-splicing activator
-ONLY in females

33
Q

Dsx function

A

transcription activator OR repressor

34
Q

female Dsx protein

A

txn activator

35
Q

male Dsx protein

A

txn repressor

36
Q

Lin-4 / Let-7 function

A

-reduce translation of development in C.Elegans

37
Q

Drosha function

A

-endoribonuclease
-cleave pre-miRNA

38
Q

Pasha function

A

-bind double stranded pri-miRNA

39
Q

Exportin5 function

A

-transport processed miRNA to cytoplasm

40
Q

DICER function

A

-fragment double stranded RNA

41
Q

Argonaut function

A

-RNA helicase
-moves target strand to RISC

42
Q

RNA interference steps

A
  1. dsRNA fragmented by DICER
  2. dsRNA binds RISC to form inactive complex
  3. Argonaut unwinds dsRNA, activates RISC
  4. RISC cleaves target mRNA guided by sssiRNA
43
Q

PAX6 components/function

A

-3 promoters
-txn. activator

44
Q

Pax6 10.5 days post-fertilization

A

-enhancosomes
-txn. initiated at pancreas and lens plate promoters

45
Q

Pax6 13.5 days post-fertilization

A

-lens enhancer stops, pancreatic continues
-retina starts

mcb2050 (7 decks)

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