Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mcb2050 > lectures 13-15 > Flashcards

lectures 13-15 Flashcards

1
Q

cyclin characteristics

A

-positive CDK regulator
-degraded after each cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cell cycle regulation (3)

A
  1. CDK/cyclin synthesis/degradation
  2. CDK inhibitors
  3. phosphorylation of CDK’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

checkpoint kinases

A

-negative CDK regulators
-hold cell cycle until repair completed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

G1 function

A

growth and preparation for next mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

S function

A

DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

G2 function

A

grow and prepare for mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mitosis function

A

segregate 1 copy of each chromosome to daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

model organisms cell cycle studies

A

-budding/fission yeasts (S. Cerevisiae, S. Pombe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

observe cell cycle in fission yeast by:

A

changes in cell size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mating pheromone arrest yeasts in:

A

late G1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nocodazole function

A

-disrupt mitotic spindle formation
-arrest in pro-metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hydroxyurea/thymidine function

A

-inhibit dNTP synthesis
-arrest in early S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

flow cytometry steps (3)

A
  1. ethanol - degrade DNA
  2. DNA dye (propidium iodide)
  3. capillary, lasers detect amount of DNA in each cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1C flow cytometry graph phase

A

G1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2C flow cytometry graph phase

A

G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

study leading to CDK discovery

A

temperature sensitive mutants in S.Cerevisiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

enzymes used to regulate cell cycle progression (3)

A
  1. cyclin-CDK protein kinases
  2. protein phosphatases
  3. ubiquitin-protein ligases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S phase initiation enzyme and function

A

SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase
-ubiquitinates S phase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mitosis - anaphase initiating enzyme and function

A

anaphase-promoting complex (APC)
-ubiquinates inhibitors and mitotic cyclins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CDK inhibitors (3) and removal

A

INK, CIP, KIP
-removed by phosphorylation by previous CDK-cyclin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

protein-ubiquitin ligases (2)

A

-SCF - G1->S
-APF - early M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CDK-activating kinase function

A

-phosphorylate Thr at active site of CDK’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Wee1 kinase function

A

-phosphorylate Thr&Tyr on CDK
-inhibit mitotic kinase in S-phase

24
Q

Cdc25 phosphatase function

A

-remove inhibitory phosphorylation on Thr/Tyr from Wee1
-activate G1/S and mitotic CDK’s

25
Q

Cdr2 function

A

inhibit Wee1 when cell reaches size to divide

26
Q

Whi5 function

A

transcriptional repressor/suppressor

27
Q

SBF function

A

transcriptional activator

28
Q

S.Cerevisiae G1->S transition steps

A
  1. Nutrients allow tln. of Cln3 mRNA, activating Cln3-CDK
  2. Cln3-CDK phosphorylates Whi5, releasing Sbf
  3. txn. of CLN1/CLN2
29
Q

Rb function

A

-transcriptional suppressor/repressor
-mutated in cancers

30
Q

E2F function

A

-transcriptional activator

31
Q

vertebrate G1->S transition steps:

A
  1. growth factors stimulate G1 CDK’s
  2. Cyclin-D-CDK4/6 phosphorylate Rb, releasing E2F
  3. Cyclin E, CDK2 & E2F genes are transcribed
32
Q

Sic1 function

A

-S-phase inhibitor
-6 phosphorylation sites

33
Q

proteolysis of S phase inhibitor steps

A
  1. G1/S CDK’s phosphorylate Sic1
  2. SCF ubiquitinylated
    3.S-phase CDK’s recruit MCM helicase activators
34
Q

M exit / Early G1 proteins / pre-replication complex

A

-Cdc6
-Cdt1
-MCM helicase

35
Q

DDK function

A

-late G1
-phosphorylate MCM, activating helicase

36
Q

Sld2/Sld3 function

A

-phosphorylate Cdc6/Cdt1 to prevent reloading
-phosphorylate MCM to remove

37
Q

CMG helicase complex components (3)

A

-GINS
-Sid2
-Cdc45

38
Q

mediator kinases

A

ATR, ATM

39
Q

p53 function

A

-tumor suppressor TF
-activate txn of p21
-arrest cell cycle, induce apoptosis

40
Q

replication stress activates ___ activating ___

A

ATR, Chk1
-inactivate Cdc25
-arrest entry to mitosis

41
Q

trophic factors function

A

suppress apoptosis

42
Q

apoptotic bodies flow cytometry graph

A

-less DNA than normal cells
-before G1 phase 1C peak

43
Q

COMET assay apoptotic bodies

A

-comet-like tail

44
Q

C.Elegans number of cells

A

-959 somatic
-131 apoptotic

45
Q

horvitz discovered:

A

-Lin mutants don’t kill cells
-CED mutants responsible for killing

46
Q

ced-3 function

A

-pro-apoptotic, necessary for apoptosis

47
Q

Bcl-2 function

A

prevent activation of Apaf-1 and suppress Cyc C release

48
Q

Bid/Bim BH-3 function

A

inhibit Bcl-2 and activate apoptosis

49
Q

cyt c function

A

activate Apaf-1

50
Q

Apaf-1 function

A

activate caspase 9 initiator

51
Q

caspase 9 function

A

proteolyse and activate caspase-3,7,
initiator caspase

52
Q

caspase-3,7 function

A

proteolyse targets inducing apoptosis, effector caspases

53
Q

pro-apoptotic proteins

A

-Bak, Bac, Bax

54
Q

pro-survival proteins

A

-Bcl-2, Bcl-xl

55
Q

intrinsic death pathway steps (3)

A
  1. DNA damage sends Puma
  2. Puma binds Bak,Bax & Bcl-2
  3. Bak/Bax form oligomeric channel to release Cyt C
56
Q

lack of adhesion apoptosis steps (3)

A
  1. integrin disrupted
  2. Bim released, binds Bak/Bax
  3. pore formation and Cyt C release
57
Q

extrinsic death pathway steps (4)

A
  1. TRADD/FADD bind death domain
  2. FADD recruits and dimerizes initiator caspase-8
  3. caspase-8 cleaves and activates caspases-3,6,7
  4. tBid activated, binds Bcl-2 and release Cyt C

mcb2050 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions