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Dental Histology > Lectures 7 & 8 > Flashcards

Lectures 7 & 8 Flashcards

Gingiva and alveolar bone

1
Q

T/F - Gingiva is the part of the oral mucosa which surrounds & is attached to teeth & alveolar bone.

A

True

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2
Q

Describe Alveolar Mucosa

A
  • translucent & bright pink
  • epithelium is thick & non-keratinized
  • has a loose submucosa which allows movement, including numerous elastic fibres (as well as collagen)
  • has minor salivary glands
  • joins attached gingiva at mucogingival junction
  • not present on palatal surface of maxillary teeth, attached gingiva blends with palatal mucosa
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3
Q

Describe Attached Gingiva

A
  • whitish, opaque
  • epithelium is para or orthokeratinised
  • bound firmly to alveolar bone by coarse collagen, sparse elastin
  • no minor salivary glands
  • may show stippling (due to collagen fibres in lamina propria inserting directly into periosteum)
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4
Q

T/F - mucogingival junction marks the abrupt change in epithelium & composition of lamina propria

A

True

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5
Q

Describe Free Gingiva

A
  • a fold of mucosa which is not bound to underlying hard tissues
  • extends from bottom of gingival sulcus adjacent to tooth to free gingival groove
  • free gingival groove, if present, is opposite bottom of gingival sulcus (occurs in about 40% of individuals)
  • apex of fold is gingival margin
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6
Q

T/F - gingival sulcus lies between free gingiva & tooth

A

True

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7
Q

T/F - gingival sulcus should be more than about 2mm deep,

A

False

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8
Q

Deeper than 2mm of the gingival sulcus is called a ___________ ______ and is considered to be diseased.

A

Periodontal pocket

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9
Q

T/F - Junctional epithelium is deep to bottom of gingival sulcus to CEJ

A

True

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10
Q

T/F - junctional epithelium is not bound to underlying tooth

A

False

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11
Q

T/F - in junctional epithelium, there is slow cell turnover with cells migrating towards the gingival sulcus

A

False, there is high rapid turnover

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12
Q

In anterior teeth, the interdental tissue forms a pointed elevation called a ________. In posterior teeth with a broader area of contact between adjacent teeth, the interdental tissue forms two peaks on the buccal and lingual sides with an indented central region in between called a ______.

A

papilla, COL

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13
Q

T/F - Gingival ligament is part of the periodontal ligament and helps maintain the functional integrity of the teeth

A

False, it is not part of PDL

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14
Q

T/F - Periodontal ligament extends from alveolar crest to apex of tooth

A

True

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15
Q

T/F - periodontal ligament is connective tissue fibre bundles connecting cementum or alveolar bone to lamina propria of gingiva or binding other fibres in gingiva together

A

False, it is specialised connective tissue joining anchoring cementum to cribriform plate of alveolus / socket

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16
Q

T/F - gingival ligament is located from the alveolar crest to apex of tooth

A

False, it’s above alveolar crest

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17
Q

T/F - gingival ligament contains connective tissue fibre bundles connecting cementum or alveolar bone to lamina propria of gingiva

A

True

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18
Q

List the major fibre groups of the gingival ligament

A
  • Dentogingival
  • Circular
  • Alveolar gingival
  • Dentoperiosteal
  • Transseptal
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19
Q

T/F - Dentogingival fibres are the least numerous and stretch from cervical cementum to lamina propria of both free & attached gingiva.

A

False, they are the most numerous

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20
Q

T/F - circular fibres of gingival ligament encircle tooth as a band, some attaching to cementum or alveolar bone .

A

True

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21
Q

T/F - circular fibres interlace with other fibres & hold them together & also bind free gingiva to tooth

A

True

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22
Q

T/F - Alevolar gingival fibres stretch from free gingiva to lamina propria of both free & attached gingiva

A

False, it stretches from alveolar crest to LP

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23
Q

T/F - Dentoperiosteal fibres stretch from cementum over alveolar crest to insert into periosteum on the inner surface of the alveolar bone

A

False, outer surface of alveolar bone

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24
Q

T/F - Transseptal fibres stretches from cementum of tooth to cementum of root of adjacent tooth over alveolar crest

A

True

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25
Q

List the minor fibre groups of gingival ligament

A
  • Longitudinal
  • semicircular fibres
  • transgingival fibres
  • interdental/interpapillary fibres
  • vertical
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26
Q

T/F - longitudinal fibres of gingival ligament goes from cervical cementum via gingiva to cementum of same tooth

A

False, it’s in free gingiva for long distances

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27
Q

T/F - semicircular fibres goes from cervical cementum to gingiva of adjacent tooth

A

False, it’s in cervical cementum, and travels via gingiva to cementum of same tooth

28
Q

T/F - Transgingival fibres goes from cervical cementum to gingiva of adjacent tooth

A

True

29
Q

T/F - Interdental/interpapillary fibres connect buccal & lingual papillae via interdental gingiva

A

True

30
Q

T/F - Vertical fibres of gingival ligament connect alveolar mucosa to free gingiva towards marginal gingiva & interdental papilla

A

False, it connects from attached gingiva

31
Q

List the functions of gingival fibres

A
  • stabilising & providing rigidity to gingiva, especially during mastication
  • join gingiva to cementum & bone
  • circular (& longitudinal fibres) bind the other tissues in place
  • stabilise positions of teeth
  • experimental evidence - cut labial & gingival fibres following orthodontic repositioning & repositioned teeth are less likely to re-rotate
32
Q

T/F - Bone is mineralized connective tissue

A

True

33
Q

T/F - Bone consists of about 67% mineral in the form of calcium hydroxyapatite while remainder is made of organic matrix & collagen.

A

True

34
Q

T/F - osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts are in bone

A

True

35
Q

Anatomical bones consist of a dense outer layer called ______________ & an inner medullary region called ____________ ______________

A

Compact bone, spongy or cancellous bone.

36
Q

Compact bone is proportionally ______ bone & ______ soft tissue. It has a mechanical function and has a _____ turnover of components than spongy bone. It may have __________ but these are not marrow cavities (contain fatty connective tissue rather than marrow.)

A

more, less, low, small connective tissue

37
Q

Spongy bone consists of bars of bone called _________ plus soft tissue called _______ (containing blood forming tissue). Spongy bone is proportionally _____ bone & more _____ tissue components in spongy bone over more readily than compact bone - calcium store.

A

trabeculae, marrow, less, soft

38
Q

Lamellae on the outer surface are arranged parallel to the surface & are called __________________.

A

outer circumferential lamellae

39
Q

Layering in the deeper parts of the compact bone consist of a series of cylinders called ____________________ whose walls are formed of a series of concentric layers with a central vascular channel called a _____________.

A

Osteons or haversian systems, haversian canal

40
Q

Larger channels carrying blood vessels into the Haversian systems are called ___________

A

perforating canals or volkmann’s canals

41
Q

T/F - regions between the Haversian systems are interstitial bone & are the remains of earlier Haversian systems which have been partly broken down.

A

True

42
Q

Except in bone when it is first formed, Haversian systems are surrounded by a layer of mineral rich collagen poor bone called a ________

A

cement line

43
Q

T/F - trabeculae of spongy bone consists of layers mostly parallel to the surface

A

True, larger trabeculae may have a few Haversian systems

44
Q

T/F - Dark cavities in bone contain more dense bone

A

False, its air

45
Q

Describe remodelling of bone

A

First DESTRUCTION of existing bone by osteoclasts (not symmetrical - cuts across existing bone layers)
Then RECONSTRUCTION by osteoblasts. (symmetrical - lays down complete Haversian rings or lamellae

46
Q

What is periosteum?

A

specialized connective tissue covering the outside of bone

47
Q

What does periosteum consist of?

A

An inner layer adjacent to the surface of the bone with osteoblasts & precusors, small blood vessels plus a small amount of connective tissue & an outer fibrous layer contiguous with adjacent tissue - fascia, muscle

48
Q

T/F - Endosteum is a lining of osteoblasts on all inner surfaces including marrow spaces & Haversian canals

A

True

49
Q

T/F - Bone marrow only has developing blood cells

A

False, it has variable proportions of developing blood cells, fat cells & a delicate support of reticular fibres & reticular cells

50
Q

T/F - Osteoblasts are cells that break down bone by means of secreted enzymes

A

False, they make bone

51
Q

T/F - When osteoblasts are active, they synthesise both collagen & ground substance (osteoid - unmineralized bone).

A

True

52
Q

T/F - Active osteoblasts do not secrete matrix vesicles & enzymes involved in the extracellular mineralization of the matrix

A

False, they do secrete

53
Q

T/F - Osteoblasts are stratified and dark staining

A

False, they are cuboidal

54
Q

T/F - Osteocytes are surrounded by bone

A

True

55
Q

Osteocytes in cavities called _______ with narrow extensions called _______ containing osteocyte processes. _______ interconnect & processes are connected by gap junctions. ______ are easily seen in ground sections.

A

Lacunae, canaliculi, canaliculi, canaliculi

56
Q

________ are very large multinucleate cells (derived from blood monocytes like other phagocytic cells), often in shallow troughs on the surface of bone (due to erosion) called _______ _____

A

Osteoclasts, Howships Lacunae

57
Q

T/F - howship’s lacunae are frequently seen since bone constantly remodels in response to mechanical stimuli and metabolic needs (calcium store)

A

True

58
Q

_________ - bone of the alveolar processes of maxilla & mandible which forms alveoli or sockets of teeth

A

Alveolar bone

59
Q

T/F - alveolar bone has cortical compact bone and spongy bone within, and the lining of the alveolus has a fibrous layer

A

False, the lining of the alveolus lacks a fibrous layer and just has cellular periosteum

60
Q

Compact bone lining the alveolus has ________ because it is perforated by foramina transmitting numerous blood vessels & nerves.

A

Cribriform plate

61
Q

Compact bone lining the alveolus has _______ beacuse it contains the terminal ends of the periodontal fibres

A

Bundle bone , PDL are sharpey’s fibres

62
Q

Compact bone lining alveolus has name ________ because it is particularly opaque to X-rays (appears as a white line).

A

Lamina dura

63
Q

T/F - Orthodontic tooth movement relies on differentiation of odontoblasts & resorption of bone on the pressure side

A

True

64
Q

Orthodontic tooth movement needs remodelling of ______ on the opposite (tension) side & __________ on the socket wall.

A

collagen, bone deposition

65
Q

Orthodontic tooth movement: _______ is much more resistant to pressure induced changes & although there is evidence of a minor amount of ______ _____ this seems to be followed by rapid repair

A

cementum, root resorption

Dental Histology (7 decks)

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