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BSI Final > Lectures 67 and 68 > Flashcards

Lectures 67 and 68 Flashcards

1
Q

The enteric nervous system of the gut is controlled primarily by what portion of the visceral motor system?

A

PNS

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle is innervated by motor neurons whose bodies are found in what horns?

A

anterior/ventral

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3
Q

Smooth muscle is innervated by

A

a 2 neuron chain with ganglia

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4
Q

SNS preganglionic neurons originate

A

in the lateral horns of the spinal cord

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5
Q

PNS preganglionic bodies originate

A

in cranial nerves, mostly vagus (X)

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6
Q

Overall control and integration of ANS function is performed by the

A

hypothalamus (and various brainstem nuclei)

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7
Q

Which division of the ANS is only activated in fight or flight?

A

sympathetic

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8
Q

The sympathetic division is often activated by

A

fear - this is our emergency escape system

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9
Q

Which division of the ANS is activated most of the time?

A

parasympathetic (PNS)

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10
Q

Which division promotes digestion and minimization of energy use?

A

parasympathetic (PNS)

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11
Q

What is the difference between the SNS and PNS in terms of branching fibers?

A

the SNS requires more branching in order to produce a massive, coordinated response

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12
Q

Preganglionic SNS cell bodies are located in the lateral horns from what levels?

A

thoracic T1 to Lumbar T2

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13
Q

The superior extension of sympathetic chain glanglia allow for innervation of

A

visceral effectors in the head (think salivary glands, lacrimal glands)

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14
Q

The SNS typically has what length of pre and postganglionic axons?

A

short preganglionic, long postganglionic

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15
Q

The PNS typically has what length of pre and postganglionic axons?

A

long preganglionic, short postganglionic

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16
Q

Which type of ganglionic axons are typically myelinated?

A

pre

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17
Q

Which type of ganglionic axons are typically unmyelinated?

A

post

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18
Q

Which type of ganglionic axons are extensively branched for fight or flight response?

A

both pre and post ganglionic axons of the sympathetic division

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19
Q

The somatic nervous system uses acetylcholine acting on what type of receptors?

A

nicotinic

20
Q

The PNS division of the ANS uses acetylcholine acting on what kind of receptors?

A

principally nicotinic, but also act via muscarinic GPRs

21
Q

The SNS division of the ANS uses acetylcholine acting with what?

A

nicotinic, but also norepinephrine (think fight or flight) via alpha or beta receptors

22
Q

In the SNS division of the ANS, where is the acetylcholine acting on nicotinic receptors?

A

the adrenal medulla

23
Q

In the SNS division of the ANS, where is NE/Epi acting via alpha or beta receptors?

A

in the bloodstream toward effector organ

24
Q

Sympathetic innervation of sweat glands is

A

cholinergic

25
Q

Postganglionic SNS neurons are mostly

A

noradrenergic (NA)

26
Q

The oculomotor cranial nerve (III) serves the

A

eye and effects lens shape and pupil diameter

27
Q

The facial nerve (VII) serves

A

several glands in the head including lacrimal, palantine, submandibular and sublingual

28
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) serves

A

the parotid salivary glands

29
Q

The vagus cranial nerve (X) serves

A

the rest of the body - heart, lungs, liver, GI

30
Q

The principal neurotransmitter at all ANS ganglia is

A

ACh acting on nAChRs

31
Q

PNS cotransmitters include

A

peptides and NO

32
Q

The heart acts by which cholinergic receptor type?

A

M2

33
Q

The heart acts by which adrenergic receptor type?

A

Beta 1

34
Q

What is the parasympathetic effect of the sinoatrial node in the heart?

A

decrease in heartrate

35
Q

Gastric acid secretion acts by what cholinergic receptor?

A

M1

36
Q

The sympathetic effect in the pupil is

A

dilatation

37
Q

The sympathetic effect in the ciliary muscle is

A

relaxation

38
Q

Basal activity of the SNS and PNS is known as

A

tone

39
Q

When SNS is inhibited and PNS is excited, what is the effect on cardiac output?

A

decreased; this occurs when pressure or stretch is too great relating to blood pressure and heart rate

40
Q

What kind of reflex triggers defecation?

A

efferent

41
Q

Micturition refers to

A

control of urination

42
Q

An erection is primarily due to activity in which division?

A

PNS (ejaculation is opposite)

43
Q

Noredrenaline and adrenaline may only survive for

A

1 to 2 minutes before degradation

44
Q

Synthetic sympathomimetics (acting as NE and Epi) may last for

A

up to 2 hours

45
Q

How do amphetamines act indirectly?

A

by triggering NA release from SNS terminals (think ephedrine makes you hyper)

46
Q

Which division do ganglion blocking drugs effect?

A

both the SNS and PNS - both utilize ACh acting on nicotinic receptors

BSI Final (8 decks)

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