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286 > Lectures 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Lectures 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What controls Qg

A

-the amount of energy required to raise the temperature object through 1°C
-thermal conductivity

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2
Q

How fast is Qg

A

Qg is a relatively slow responding flux due to conduction

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3
Q

How large is the laminar boundary layer

A

Very small - 5 to 50 mm thick around all objects

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4
Q

Breakdown of laminar boundary layer

A

speed, distance from source, and viscosity of air are reached.

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5
Q

Is low velocity more or less turbulent?

A

Less turbulent

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6
Q

Is shorter distance more or less turbulent?

A

Less turbulent

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7
Q

Is lower viscosity more or less turbulent?

A

More turbulent

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8
Q

Mechanically induced turbulence =

A

Forced convection

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9
Q

Thermically induced turbulence =

A

Free convection

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10
Q

Free convection is caused by

A

by unequal heating of the surface due to spatially varying surface conditions

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11
Q

What causes unequal heating of the surface?

A

-albedo
-wetness : is incoming radiation used for heating or evaporation?

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12
Q

Does the atmosphere get more or less dense with height?

A

Less dense due to reduced pressure

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13
Q

Adiabatic meaning

A

heat does not enter or leave system

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14
Q

Forced convection

A

air flows along the surface until it meets an obstacle

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15
Q

What is the Cook Strait an example of?

A

Forced convection

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16
Q

What is the rate of temperature change with height in dry unsaturated air?

A

9.8°C per km (DALR)

17
Q

Is the SALR or DALR higher?

A

DALR is always higher.

18
Q

What is the environmental lapse rate?

A

The measure of actual rate of temperature decrease with altitude for a given location.

19
Q

Stability

A

the relative tendency of an air parcel to move vertically

20
Q

ELR > DALR

A

Unstable, favours vertical mixing

21
Q

ELR < DALR

A

Stable, little vertical mixing

22
Q

ELR = DALR

A

Environment cools at 9.8°C per km.

23
Q

Atmospheric stability

A

The actual cooling / heating (ELR) compared to the idealised cooling / heating (DALR) determines whether the atmosphere is stable or unstable

24
Q

What controls the upper limit of turbulent activity?

A

Magnitude of surface forcing (surface roughness, surface heating)
Lost buoyancy from; mechanical mixing, condensation and latent heat release, reaching an inversion

25
Q

What convection dominates most of the outer layer at day time?

A

Free convection

26
Q

What convection dominates at night time?

A

Forced convection, with turbulence restricted to shallow surface layer

286 (7 decks)

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