Lectures 17-20

Question 1

Megabats

Answer 1

fruit eating, no echolocation, bigger, non heterothermic

Question 2

Microbats

Answer 2

invertebrate eating, echolocating (developed twice), heterothermic, paraphyletic

Question 3

Pteropodidae

Answer 3

Aust megabats, inc fruit bats, and pteropus (flying fox)

Question 4

pteropus

Answer 4

unstable camps for roosting, can move 50km in a night, important seed and pollen dispersal

Question 5

pteropus threats and management

Answer 5

high temp fatal, people want em out, so signs for communication, removin habitat when empty, any shooin needs to be done for ages, house buffer also removes sound buffer

Question 6

australian microbat families

Answer 6

Molossidae (free tailed inc audible echolocator), Emballonuridae (sheath tailed), Hipposideridae (old world leaf nosed), Megadermatidae (ghost), Miniopteridae (bent wing, 3rd finger), Vespertillionidae (evenin), Rhinolophidae (horseshoe, complex face)

Question 7

microbat life history

Answer 7

maternity roosts, 1-2 large young (up to 30%), sperm stored over winter for birth in spring/summer, K species

Question 8

microbat habitat

Answer 8

caves, anthropogenic substituted, hollows, w substitute hollows not being super chill

Question 9

microbat habitat threats

Answer 9

cave roosters vulnerable, eg southern bent wing bat w 2 caves left.

Question 10

Macquarie island invasive eradication

Answer 10

myxoma decreased rabbits then cats ate seabirds, cat eradication increased rabbits rat and mice, rabbit rat and mice eradicated and poison bait for cats but did get some seabirds, skua decrease bc ate rabbits

Question 11

invasive predation vulnerability

Answer 11

species intrinsic - body size, reproductive capacity, protective adaptations, environmental factors - availability of other prey, shelter

Question 12

Key welfare considerations

Answer 12

feeling, body functioning, environmental adaptation, how would I feel?

Question 13

Methods of welfare assessment

Answer 13

physiological + behavioural oft just strength not direction, confounded by sampling method, strength of motivation, cognitive bias tests (sandpaper)

Question 14

Key ethics approval considerations

Answer 14

Handling, transportation, living in captivity, rentroduction

Question 15

General animal ethics principles

Answer 15

Species biology, inter and intra species variation, welfare as improving outcome and productivity

Question 16

Theory of Island Biogeography

Answer 16

big, close islands have more species than small, far islands

Question 17

General island ecology

Answer 17

Low richness, high endemism, invasives have high impact but can be managed, networks often simple but tight

Question 18

Variables in invasion success

Answer 18

Propagule pressure, invading species traits, recipient ecosystem (biota, disturbance, resources, past colonisers)

Question 19

Harvey weinberg assumptions and how they are violated on an island

Answer 19

no migration, large pop, random mating, no selection or mutation, but islands oft subject to founder effects and inbreeding

Question 20

Human impact on island ecosystems

Answer 20

phosphate deposits, seabird hunting, invasives through stowaways, pest control, companionship and insurance

Question 21

what makes islands extinction prone

Answer 21

low genetic diversity, isolation, novel introductions, simplified networks, exploitation, naivety and flight loss

Question 22

examples of island extinctions

Answer 22

lord howe swamp hen, tas emu, bramble cay melomy, christmas island pipistrelle, rats and shrew

Question 23

christmas island dynamics

Answer 23

christmas island crabs impact forest, yellow crazy ants become super colonies bc scale insects, kill crabs, which freed up african giant land snails

Question 24

lord howe island extinction waves and management

Answer 24

first wave w hunting, second rats, ongoing baiting but complicated bc woodhen