lectures

Question 1

Islamic fundamentalism

Answer 1

a response to social pressures to move towards modernisation and the influence of Western societies. in the west it is associated with militants and terrorists.

Question 2

Buddhism

Answer 2

stresses spiritual growth and the afterlife, rather than achievement in this life. recently the “zen” orientation has been introduced into business in the Western world.

Question 3

Confucianism

Answer 3

teaches the importance of of attaining personal salvation through right action. it focuses on high morals, ethical conduct, and loyalty to others.

Question 4

Guanxi

Answer 4

relationship networks supported by reciprocal obligations.

Question 5

“hidden curriculum”

Answer 5

teaches respect for others, obedience to authority, honesty, neatness, and timeliness in schools.

Question 6

long-term vs short-term orientation

Answer 6

refers to the extent to which a culture programs its citizens to accept delayed gratification of their material, social, and emotional needs.

Question 7

indulgence

Answer 7

refers to a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun.

Question 8

restraint

Answer 8

refers to a society that suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms.

Question 9

Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) instrument

Answer 9

established that a leader’s effectiveness is contextual; it is embedded in the societal and organisational norms, values, and beliefs of the people being led. it established nine cultural dimensions.

Question 10

World Values Survey (WVS)

Answer 10

explores people’s values and norms, how they change over time, and what impact they have in society and business. it considers many dimensions.

Question 11

pseudo-democracies

Answer 11

lie between pure democracies and complete totalitarian systems. authoritarian elements have captured some or much of the machinery of the state and use this to deny basic political and civil liberties.

Question 12

property

Answer 12

a resource that an individual or business owns, eg. land,

Question 13

Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (1997)

Answer 13

establishes bribery of a foreign public official as a criminal offense. it exempts those for facilitating or expediting payments.

Question 14

Uruguay Round

Answer 14

extended the GATT to also cover services as well as manufactured goods and provided enhanced protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights, and established the WTO.