Lectures 15-16

Question 1

ATP is a ____

Answer 1

nucleotide

Question 2

nucleotide structure

Answer 2

refer to notes

Question 3

adenosine monophosphate

Answer 3

1 phosphate group

Question 4

adenosine diphosphate

Answer 4

2 phosphate groups

Question 5

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 5

3 phosphate groups

Question 6

phosphoanhydride bond

Answer 6

covalent bond between 2 phosphate groups
* contains lots of free energy

Question 7

Number of phosphate groups with the most and least free energy

Answer 7

ATP
AMP

Question 8

What happens in the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP

Answer 8

energy is released and a phosphate group is lost

Question 9

Is hydrolysis of ATP exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 9

exergonic

Question 10

Is the synthesis of glutamine exergonic or endergonic

Answer 10

endergonic

Question 11

does a coupled rxn have to be exergonic or endergonic

Answer 11

net exergonic

Question 12

ATP cycle

Answer 12

refer to pic in notes

Question 13

kinetics

Answer 13

rate at which rxn occurs

Question 14

thermodynamics of a rxn

Answer 14

whether free energy was released or absorbed

TDs say nothing about the rates of reactions
Ex. just b/c a rxn is exergonic doesn’t mean it’s fast

Question 15

What affects the rate of the rxn?

Answer 15

activation energy

Question 16

activation energy

Answer 16

amount of energy required to start a chemical rxn

Question 17

catalysts

Answer 17

lower AE and increase rate of rxns

Question 18

enzymes

Answer 18

• biological catalysts that can hold reactants in favorable orientations
• Stress the chemical bonds of reactants, making them easier to break

Question 19

photoautotrophs - energy and carbon source

Answer 19

• energy source: light
• carbon source: CO2 (inorganic)

Question 20

chemoautotrophs - energy and carbon source

Answer 20

• energy source: molecules (inorganic molecules)
• carbon source: CO2

Question 21

photoheterotrophs

Answer 21

energy source: light
carbon source: organic molecules

Question 22

chemoheterotrophs

Answer 22

energy source: organic molecules
carbon source: organic molecules

Question 23

abiotic

Answer 23

parts of the ecosystem that are not alive
Ex. light, temperature, H2O, pressure

Question 24

biotic

Answer 24

parts of the ecosystem that are alive

Question 25

who occupies the first trophic level

Answer 25

producers

Question 26

trophic

Answer 26

food or nourishment

Question 27

trophic level

Answer 27

describes where an organism is in the food chain/web (the flow of energy)

Question 28

who occupies trophic levels other than 1

Answer 28

consumers

Question 29

energy transfer between trophic levels

Answer 29

10%

Question 30

where is the energy lost

Answer 30

Some energy is lost in feces: inefficient energy absorption during digestion
Some energy is lost because it can’t be extracted ex. Energy in cellulose, hair, claws, feathers
Some energy is lost because the organism uses it to stay alive: metabolizing, moving