Lectures 15-16 Flashcards
ATP is a ____
nucleotide
nucleotide structure
refer to notes
adenosine monophosphate
1 phosphate group
adenosine diphosphate
2 phosphate groups
adenosine triphosphate
3 phosphate groups
phosphoanhydride bond
covalent bond between 2 phosphate groups
* contains lots of free energy
Number of phosphate groups with the most and least free energy
ATP
AMP
What happens in the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP
energy is released and a phosphate group is lost
Is hydrolysis of ATP exergonic or endergonic?
exergonic
Is the synthesis of glutamine exergonic or endergonic
endergonic
does a coupled rxn have to be exergonic or endergonic
net exergonic
ATP cycle
refer to pic in notes
kinetics
rate at which rxn occurs
thermodynamics of a rxn
whether free energy was released or absorbed
TDs say nothing about the rates of reactions
Ex. just b/c a rxn is exergonic doesn’t mean it’s fast
What affects the rate of the rxn?
activation energy
activation energy
amount of energy required to start a chemical rxn
catalysts
lower AE and increase rate of rxns
enzymes
- biological catalysts that can hold reactants in favorable orientations
- Stress the chemical bonds of reactants, making them easier to break
photoautotrophs - energy and carbon source
- energy source: light
- carbon source: CO2 (inorganic)
chemoautotrophs - energy and carbon source
- energy source: molecules (inorganic molecules)
- carbon source: CO2
photoheterotrophs
energy source: light
carbon source: organic molecules
chemoheterotrophs
energy source: organic molecules
carbon source: organic molecules
abiotic
parts of the ecosystem that are not alive
Ex. light, temperature, H2O, pressure
biotic
parts of the ecosystem that are alive
who occupies the first trophic level
producers
trophic
food or nourishment
trophic level
describes where an organism is in the food chain/web (the flow of energy)
who occupies trophic levels other than 1
consumers
energy transfer between trophic levels
10%
where is the energy lost
Some energy is lost in feces: inefficient energy absorption during digestion
Some energy is lost because it can’t be extracted ex. Energy in cellulose, hair, claws, feathers
Some energy is lost because the organism uses it to stay alive: metabolizing, moving
