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MCP Unit 2 > Lectures 14 & 15: Cancer Genetics > Flashcards

Lectures 14 & 15: Cancer Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is cancer the result of?

A

env + genetic makeup

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2
Q

Can a mutated cell in a tumor be traced back to the original mutant cell line? What is this called?

A

yes

tumors are clonal - single cell mutates, proliferates to form group of similarly abnormal cells

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3
Q

What is metastasis?

A

cells become invasive or move to another site
retain orignal morphology
still referred to by original site

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4
Q

In what tissues does sarcoma occur?

A

mesenchymal

bone, cartilage, muscle, fat

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5
Q

In what tissues does carcinoma occur?

A

epitheloid

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6
Q

In what tissues does hematopoietic/lymphoid cancer occur?

A

leukemia - in WBC from bone marrow

lymphoma - WBC from spleen and lymph nodes

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7
Q

What are some environmental mutagens?

A

UV light, asbestos, cig smoke, plastics, dyes

Red dye #3 banned

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8
Q

What is chromosome instability? What is it a hallmark of?

A

gain, loss, or rearrangement of xs

cancer

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9
Q

What types of genes are associated with cancer?

A

Tumor suppressors

Oncogenes/proto-oncogenes

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10
Q

Where do oncogenes in humans come from?

A

Viruses

mutations of proto-oncogenes

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11
Q

What are examples of viral oncogenes in humans?

A 
HPV
EBV
HIV-8
HTLV-1 (leukemia)
HTLV-2 (leukemia)
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12
Q

How are oncogenes defined? What are the involved in?

A

Dominant acting gene

involved in unregulated cel growth and proliferation

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13
Q

What are examples of viral oncogenes in animals?

A

H-ras
sis
abl - Abelson murine leukemia virus

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14
Q

What is the normal function of proto-oncogenes in humans?

A

housekeeping - cell proliferation and development

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15
Q

What are examples of proto-oncogenes in humans?

A 
GF
Cell surface receptors
intracellular signal transduction 
DNA BP (txn factors)
Reg of cell cycle
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16
Q

How are proto-oncogenes “activated” (become cancerous)?

A

mutation (translocation, amplification, pt mutation)

17
Q

Are proto-oncogene mutations dominant or recessive? How many gain of function mutations are needed?

A

dominant

one

18
Q

What causes Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia?

A

activation of proto-oncogene

translocation between xs 22 and 9 forms Philadelphia xs

19
Q

What is the Philadelphia chromosome, and what molecule does it affect?

A

translocation between proto-oncogene with second gene to form chimeric protein
overproduce tyrosine kinase (cell cycle reg)

20
Q

What drug is used to treat CML? What is its target?

A

Gleevec

bcr/abl specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor

21
Q

Why was Gleevec (treating CML) novel?

A

targets genetic lesion

22
Q

How is Acute promyelicytic leukemia caused?

A

proto-oncogene activation
translocation –> chimeric protein product
PML gene on xs 15; RARA gene on xs 17

23
Q

How is acute promyelicytic leukemia confirmed?

A

FISH immediately

confirmed by karyotype analysis

MCP Unit 2 (17 decks)

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