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GI Midterm > Lectures 1 And 2- Anterior Abdominal Wall Outline > Flashcards

Lectures 1 And 2- Anterior Abdominal Wall Outline Flashcards

1
Q

General considerations

-Abdomen

A

Region of the trunk that is below the respiratory diaphragm and above the pelvic brim or inlet

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2
Q

Respiratory diaphragm

  • Anterior landmark?
  • Posterior landmark?
A
  • Anteriorly costal cartilages of rib 6

- Posteriorly vertebral body of T12

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3
Q

Contents of the abdomen?

A
  • Peritoneal cavity
  • GI organs and associated glands
  • Kidneys, ureters, and suprarenal glands
  • Nerves, lymphatic system, and blood vessels
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4
Q

Anterolateral abdominal wall surface anatomy

-Divided into?

A

Divided into anterior, lateral (flank, loin), and posterior walls

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5
Q

Anterolateral abdominal wall surface anatomy

-Surface landmarks?

A
  • Xiphoid process of sternum
  • Costal margins (right and left)
  • Iliac crest
  • Pubic bone
  • Linea terminalis
  • Inguinal ligament
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6
Q

Iliac crest

A
  • ASIS

- Tubercle of iliac crest

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7
Q

Pubic bone

A
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Pubic tubercle
  • Pubic crest
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8
Q

Linea terminalis

-Separates?

A

Separates false pelvis from true pelvis

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9
Q

Linea terminalis components?

A
  • Pectin pubis
  • Arcuate line
  • Sacral promontory
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10
Q

Inguinal ligament

-Goes from where to where?

A

From ASIS to pubic tubercle

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11
Q

Soft tissue landmarks

-Linea semilunaris-Where is it?

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominis

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12
Q

Soft tissue landmarks

  • Linea alba
    • Where is it?
A
  • Midline from xiphoid to pubic symphysis
  • Divides anterior wall into right and left halves
  • Bloodless
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13
Q

Soft tissue landmarks

-Umbilicus

A

Naval

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14
Q

Plane or lines of reference

-Horizontal planes?

A
  • Subcostal
  • Transtubercular
  • Supracristal
  • Transumbilical
  • Transpyloric
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15
Q

Subcostal

A
  • 10th costal cartilages

- Superior border of LV3

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16
Q

Transtubercular

A
  • Tubercles of iliac crest

- Body of LV5

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17
Q

Supracristal

A
  • Highest points of iliac crests

- Spinous process of LV4

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18
Q

Transumbilical

A
  • Passes through LV3-4 disc

- Almost corresponds with supracristal plane

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19
Q

Transpyloric

A
  • Halfway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis
  • body of LV1
  • passes through pyloric sphincter
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20
Q

Vertical (sagittal) planes

A
  • Midclavicular (lateral) planes

- Midsagittal (median)

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21
Q

Midclavicular (lateral) planes

A
  • Midpoint of clavicle

- Midinguinal point

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22
Q

Midsagittal (median)

A
  • Linea alba

- Passes through umbilicus

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23
Q

The abdominal quadrant system

-Divided by what planes?

A

Midsagittal and transumbilical

24
Q

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

-Contents?

A

Gallbladder, duodenum, right pleura, and right lobe of liver

25
Q

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

-Contents?

A

Spleen, stomach, left pleura, and tail of pancreas

26
Q

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

-Contents?

A

Right ureter, cecum, ileal diverticulum, vermiform appendix

27
Q

Left Lower Quadrant (RUQ)

-Contents?

A

Left ureter and sigmoid colon

28
Q

Quadrants can be used to describe?

A

General location of pain, palpable or audible abnormalities, specific viscera

29
Q

The abdominal regional system

-Divided by what planes?

A

Subcostal, transtubercular, and midclavicular planes

30
Q

The abdominal regional system

-9 regions?

A
  • Right and left hypochondriac (RH and LH)
  • Right and left lateral (RL and LL)
  • Right and left inguinal (iliac) (RI and LI)
  • Epigastric (epigastrium)
  • Umbilical
  • Hypogastric
31
Q

The abdominal regional system can also describe?

A

Locations of pain, tumor, etc

32
Q

Muscles and aponeuroses of abdominal wall

-General considerations-organized into 3 groups?

A
  • Anterior
  • Anterolateral
  • Posterior
33
Q

Muscles and aponeuroses of abdominal wall

-3 groups-Anterior?

A

Rectus abdominis, [pyramidalis]

34
Q

Muscles and aponeuroses of abdominal wall

-3 groups-Anterolateral?

A

External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominis muscles

35
Q

Muscles and aponeuroses of abdominal wall

-3 groups-Posterior?

A

Iliacus, psoas major and minor, quadratus lumborum

36
Q

Muscles and aponeuroses of abdominal wall

A

The 3 pairs of flat, layered mm. with fibers running in different directions; strengthen wall

37
Q

Muscles and aponeuroses of abdominal wall

  • Clinical:
    • How is this relevant to abdominal surgery?
    • What happens when this is not done?
A
  • In abdominal surgery, each layer is traversed by splitting it parallel to its fibers, rather than cutting across the fibers
  • When the fibers are cut perpendicular to their axis, they scar so that the layers adhere to one another and make normal movements painful
38
Q

Anterior and Anterolateral muscles

- External abdominal oblique
      - Fibers-origins and insertions?
A

Superolateral origins and inferomedial insertions

39
Q

Where does the external oblique aponeurosis begin?

A

Midclavicular line

40
Q

External abdominal oblique

-Specialized parts?

A

Lines alba, inguinal ligament, superficial inguinal ring, and lacunar ligament

41
Q

External abdominal oblique

  • Specialized parts-inguinal ligament
    • lower margin of?
    • attached at?
A
  • Lower margin of aponeurosis (rolls under)

- Attached at ASIS and pubic tubercle

42
Q

External abdominal oblique

-Specialized parts-superficial inguinal ring?

A
  • Triangular opening in external oblique aponeurosis
  • Lateral crus
  • Medial crus
  • Intercrural fibers
43
Q

External abdominal oblique

  • Specialized parts-superficial inguinal ring
    • Intercrural fibers
      • function?
      • which way do they run?
A
  • Reinforcing fibers

- Run perpendicular to the crura and join them

44
Q

External abdominal oblique

  • Specialized parts-Lacunar ligament
    • Extension of?
    • Crossed by?
    • Attaches to?
A
  • Extension of the inguinal ligament
  • Crossed by spermatic cord
  • Attaches to pectineal line lateral to pubic tuburcle
  • Crescent-shaped (concave) lateral free border (sharp)
45
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

-fibers-which way do they run?

A
  • Inferolateral origins to superomedial insertions

- Usually run perpendicular to external oblique

46
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

  • What is special about the fibers of this muscle in the hypogastric and inguinal regions?
  • Function?
A

The fibers run parallel to the external oblique aponeurosis and provide support for abdominal wall

47
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

  • Specializations-Cremaster muscle
    • What is it?
    • Derived from?
A
  • Muscular layer of spermatic cord

- Derived from internal oblique muscle

48
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

  • Specializations-Conjoint tendon (flax inguinalis)
    • What is it?
    • Join with?
A
  • The most medial and inferior tendinous fibers of internal oblique
  • Join with similar fibers of transversus abdominis
49
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

  • Specializations-Conjoint tendon (flax inguinalis)
    • Attaches medially to?
    • Laterally?
A
  • Attaches medially to linea alba

- Has a lateral free border

50
Q

Transversus abdominis

  • Location relative to other abdominal muscles?
  • Which way do the fibers run?
A
  • Innermost layer of muscles

- Fibers of muscle and aponeurosis run mostly horizontal

51
Q

Transversus abdominis

-When does it become aponeurosis?

A

At about linea semilunaris

52
Q

Transverus abdominis joins with internal oblique to form?

A

Conjoint tendon

53
Q

Where do nerves and vessels run relative to the abdominal muscles?

A

Between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis

54
Q

Rectus abdominis

-Description?

A

Pair of strap-like, vertical muscles

  • Broad and flat superiorly
  • Narrow and thick inferiorly
55
Q

Rectus abdominis

-crossed by?

A

Tendinous intersections

56
Q

Rectus abdominis

-Enclosed within?

A

Specialized rectus sheath (fuses with intersections)

57
Q

Pyramidalis muscle

-Location relative to rectus abdominis? Between?

A

-Lies anterior to inferior end of rectus abdominis between linea alba and pubic crest (tenses the linea alba)

GI Midterm (11 decks)

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