Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 203 > LECTURES 1-6 > Flashcards

LECTURES 1-6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

LAW OF EFFECT

A

“When a modifiable neural connection is made and is accompanied by a satisfying state of affairs, the strength of the connection is increased. If the connection is made and is followed by an annoying state of affairs, its strength is decreased.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

A

Presentation of a favourable consequence following a response, leading to a increase in behaviour frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

A

Removal of an aversive event following a response leading to an increase in behaviour frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT

A

Presentation of an unfavourable consequence following an event leading to reduction in behaviour frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT

A

Removal of appetitive event following a response leading to reduction in behaviour frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

Response - consequence learning

Results in a change in behaviour due to the relation between behaviour and consequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

THREE TERM CONTINGENCY

A

Antecedent –> Behaviour –> Consequence

- The discriminated operant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ADVENTITIOUS REINFORCEMENT

A

Accidental or chance pairings between a response and reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SUPERSTITIOUS BEHAVIOUR

A

The animal will behave as if the response has the causal effect of producing reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SKINNER (1948)

A

Periodic food presentations produced repeated behaviour that differed across pigeons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

NEURINGER 1 (1970)

A

Response-dependent followed by response-independent food produced sustained responding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

EXTINCTION

A

No reinforcers provided for any response, designed to avoid any new learning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BRUNER & REVUSKY (1961)

A

Non-exclusive responding with one response-dependent option among inactive options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ANTECEDENT STIMULI

A

Things in the environment that suggest what behaviours will be likely to result in reinforcement

Stimuli that are present immediately before or during the behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MORSE AND SKINNER (1957)

A

Proved superstitious stimulus control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

KILLEEN (1977)

A

Reported causing food presentations when cost was low and payoff was high. Concluded that superstitious behaviour is adaptive.

17
Q

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

A

Respondent/Pavlovian. Repeated pairings of two stimuli eventually cause the response that was initially elicited by the second stimulus to be elicited by the first stimulus alone.

18
Q

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS

A

That which automatically elicits a response

19
Q

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE

A

Hard-wired response automatically elicited by the US

20
Q

NEUTRAL STIMULUS

A

That which does not elicit the UR

21
Q

CONDITIONED STIMULUS

A

The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus when it elicits the UR on its own

22
Q

CONDITIONED RESPONSE

A

The UR becomes the CR when it is elicited by the CS alone

23
Q

Measures of the strength of a CR

A

CR amplitude, CR latency and CR probability

24
Q

CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION

A

Aversive event as the US, suppresses ongoing behaviour

25
Q

TASTE-AVERSION LEARNING

A

US - injection
UR - illness
CS - taste of food
CR - aversion of food

26
Q

ACQUISITION

A

With repeated pairings of the CS and US, probability that CS alone will produce the CR increases

27
Q

DISINHIBITION

A

Sudden reinstatement of the CR even near completion of extinction due to an interruption

28
Q

CONDITIONED INHIBITION

A
  • Train: tone –> food –> salivation
  • Train: tone + light –> no food
  • Test: tone –> salivation
  • Test: tone + light –> no salivation
  • Train: touch –> food –> salivation
  • Test: touch + light –> no salivation

The light is acting as a conditioned inhibitor

29
Q

STIMULUS GENERALIZATION

A

The process of applying the same behaviour to stimuli that appear similar to the trained stimulus

30
Q

SIMULTANEOUS CONDITIONING

A

CS and US begin at the same time

31
Q

SHORT-DELAY CONDITIONING

A

CS is presented less than one second before the US

32
Q

LONG-DELAY CONDITIONING

A

The CS is presented over a second before the US

33
Q

TRACE CONDITIONING

A

CS turns off before the US begins

34
Q

BACKWARD CONDITIONING

A

CS is presented after the US

35
Q

MISBEHAVIOUR

A

Provides an example of the interaction between three primary influences on behaviour

  • evolutionary history
  • learning history
  • current environment

PSYCH 203 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions