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BIOCHEM Exam 1 > Lectures 1-3 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a Covalent Bond

A

Strong, Short, Share electrons

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2
Q

Characteristics of a non covalent bond

A

Weak, Long, Attraction only

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3
Q

Protein: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

A

Amino Acid, Polypeptide, Peptide

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4
Q

Carbohydrates: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

A

Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Glycosidic

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5
Q

Lipids: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

A

Fatty acid, Glycerol, Sphingosine Derivative; Triacylglycerol, phospholipid; ester

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6
Q

Nucleic Acids: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

A

Nucleotide, Polynucleotide, Phosphodiester

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7
Q

What causes waters strange physical properties

A

Hydrogen bonding properties

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8
Q

Specific Heat

A

Amount of energy needed to change the temp of 1g of a substance by 1 degree C

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9
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

The amount of energy needed to change the temp of 1g of a substance from a liquid to a gas

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10
Q

Hydrogen bonds ______ energy to break and ______ energy to form

A

Use, Release

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11
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction to self ie H2O to H2O

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12
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction to other ie H2O to another polar substance

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13
Q

What creates surface surface tension in water

A

Cohesion

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14
Q

What occurs when cohesion and adhesion work together

A

Capillary action

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15
Q

Why is water considered a universal solvent

A

Having both a positive and negative end causes water to be able to be attracted to more molecules thus being able to maintain broken bonds in other solvents by blocking the individual molecules

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16
Q

Hydrophillic

A

Dissolves in water: water loving, polar molecules

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17
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Separates from water: water fearing, nonpolar molecules

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18
Q

Amiphipathic

A

Molecules containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

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19
Q

Noncovalent interaction ____ to break and _____ energy when formed

A

Use, release

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20
Q

Covalent bonds ____ energy when broken and ____ energy to form

A

Release, use

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21
Q

Strong acid: Larger or smaller Ka, Larger or smaller pKa, Larger or smaller energy of interaction

A

Larger, Smaller, Smaller

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22
Q

Weak acid: Larger or smaller Ka, Larger or smaller pKa, Larger or smaller energy of interaction

A

Smaller, Larger, Larger

23
Q

Weak Base: Larger or smaller Kb, Larger or smaller pKb, Larger or smaller energy of interaction

A

Larger, Smaller, Larger

24
Q

If pH < pKa then molecules are ______

A

Pronated

25
Q

If pH > pKa then molecules are ______

A

Depronated

26
Q

If pH = pKa then the molecules ______

A

Are just as likely to be pronated as depronated

27
Q

If pH < pl then the molecule has a _____ charge

A

Positive

28
Q

If pH > pl then the molecule has a _____ charge

A

Negative

29
Q

if pH = pl then the molecule has ____ charge

A

No net

30
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a closed system

31
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Motion, performing work

32
Q

Potential Energy

A

Position, potential to do work

33
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Disorder is decreasing

34
Q

Anabolic Reaction

A

Small molecules are assembled into large ones, Energy is required

35
Q

Catabolic Reaction

A

Large molecules are broken down into small ones, Energy is released

36
Q

Gibbs free energy equation

A

ΔG=ΔH-TΔS, T is in Kelvin

37
Q

ΔG

A

Change in available/usable energy (Gibbs free energy)

38
Q

ΔH

A

Change in the total energy (enthalpy) in the system

39
Q

ΔS

A

Change in disorder (entropy)

40
Q

Negative ΔH

A

Energy is released from the system

41
Q

Positive ΔH

A

Energy is added to the system

42
Q

ΔH = 0

A

Closed system

43
Q

Negative ΔS

A

Disorder decreases

44
Q

Positive ΔS

A

Disorder increases

45
Q

ΔS = 0

A

No change in disorder

46
Q

Negative ΔG

A

Free energy released, exergonic reaction, favorable reaction, spontaneous reaction

47
Q

Positive ΔG

A

Free energy required, endergonic reaction, unfavorable reaction, driven reaction

48
Q

ΔG = 0

A

Equilibrium

49
Q

Transition state

A

A high energy, unstable form of the reactants that is ready to form products

50
Q

Activation energy

A

An energy barrier that must be overcome for the reaction to proceed

51
Q

Q

A

Equilibrium constant

52
Q

If Q = K

A

Reaction is at equilibrium

53
Q

Q < K

A

Reaction proceeds towards products

54
Q

K > Q

A

Reaction proceeds toward reactants

BIOCHEM Exam 1 (5 decks)

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