Lecture 4-7

Question 1

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 1

Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

Question 2

Essential Amino Acids where consumption > production

Answer 2

Arginine, Methionine

Question 3

Nonessential Amino Acids

Answer 3

Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Proline, Serine

Question 4

Secondary Synthesis

Answer 4

Tyrosine

Question 5

What is the only amino acid that can participate in Redox reactions

Answer 5

Cysteine

Question 6

Proteinogenic Amino Acid

Answer 6

Used to make proteins from the genetic code

Question 7

Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids

Answer 7

Not decoded from the genome

Question 8

What is considered the 21st Amino Acid

Answer 8

Selenocysteine

Question 9

What is Selenocysteine synthesized from

Answer 9

Serine

Question 10

What is considered the 22nd Amino Acid

Answer 10

Pyrrolysine

Question 11

What is pyrrolysine synthesized from

Answer 11

Combining 2 lysines

Question 12

Where is pyrrolysine found

Answer 12

Only in prokaryotes all of which are methanogens

Question 13

A deficiency in what amino acid causes statin intolerance and how

Answer 13

Selenium- statins inhibit tRNA that form selenocysteine

Question 14

How are most antibiotics made

Answer 14

Non-ribosomal protein synthesis

Question 15

Protein Primary structure

Answer 15

A chain of amino acids

Question 16

Protein Secondary structure

Answer 16

Local folding of the polypeptide chain, connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 17

Protein Tertiary structure

Answer 17

Folding of the secondary structure, connected by disulfide linkages

Question 18

Protein Quaternary structure

Answer 18

Interaction of multiple peptides

Question 19

Non-covalent interactions that govern protein folding stability

Answer 19

Van der Waals- short range repulsion, Hydrogen Bonds, Electrostatic forces

Question 20

With what elements are Hydrogen bonds possible

Answer 20

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Flourine

Question 21

What direction turn is more energetically favored in an alpha-helieces

Answer 21

Right-handed or clockwise

Question 22

How are beta sheets stabilized

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonding between polypeptide strands

Question 23

What direction can beta sheets run

Answer 23

Parallel and antiparallel

Question 24

What protein structure serves predominantly in a structural manner

Answer 24

Superhelix

Question 25

What is a hallmark structure of a superhelix

Answer 25

300 amino acid that contains heptad repeats

Question 26

What is an intermediate conformational state between the native and the fully unfolded states of a globular protein

Answer 26

Molten Globule State

Question 27

How much larger is the molten globule state vs native state

Answer 27

10-30%