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BMS 300 > Lectures 1-3 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What attributes in the structure of water make molecules hydrophobic?

A

nonpolar particles

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2
Q

What attributes in the structure of water give a high surface tension?

A

Molecules being pulled downward/sideward to create a strong cohesive force on the surface layer

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3
Q

What attributes in the structure of water give it a high boiling point?

A

the higher kinetic energy of the water molecules causes the hydrogen bonds to break completely and allows water molecules to escape into the air as gas

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4
Q

Why does ice float on water?

A

Ice has a lower density than water due to and has a crystaline structure, separting the molecules further.

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5
Q

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion and how do they influence equilibrium?

A

In diffusion, particles move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. In osmosis, a semipermeable membrane is present, so only the solvent molecules are free to move to equalize concentration

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6
Q

Based on whether a solute dissociates in water (solvent), how will it affect the overall concentration of the solution? Will the concentration increase, decrease, or remain the same?

A

increase due to the seperation of molecules from dissociation.

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7
Q

What attributes in the structure of water make molecules hydrophilic?

A

polar particles

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8
Q

What attributes in the structure of water make molecules amphipathic?

A

Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tail

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9
Q

electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule (as of water) and a small electronegative atom (as of oxygen)

A

hydrogen bonding

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10
Q

forces acting on surface of a liquid which minimize the surface area

A

surface tension

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11
Q

3 components of Why water molecules at the surface compressed tightly together?

A
  1. kinetic energy
  2. under surface, molecules pull in all direction
  3. air-water interface experiences sideward/downward intermolecular forces
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12
Q

What would happen to the water strider if you put it in a beaker of soapy water?

A

It would sink because the surface tension would be impacted by the amphipathic molecules

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13
Q

why do frozen pipes burst?

A

water expands as it freezes.

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14
Q

what term describes molecules or ions in solution go from regions of higher to regions of lower ion concentration

A

diffusion

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15
Q

process of water moving from a region of higher to lower concentration through a selectively water-permiable membrane

A

osmosis

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16
Q

15 millimolar NaCl (on the left) and 30 millimolar urea (on the right) are separated by a membrane that is permeable only to water. Will water flow?

A

No because the Osmotic pressure is balances

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17
Q

Which of the following are responsible for hydrophobicity?

charged particles
polar particles
non polar particles
more than one answer is correct

A

Nonpolar particles

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18
Q

Atoms within a water molecules are linked by which type of bond?
H2 + O

A

Covalent bonds

19
Q

Why is water liquid at room temperature?

A

The room temperature cannot provide sufficient heat for these molecules to overcome their force of attraction and therefore, they remain in the liquid phase.

20
Q

What are the major organ systems?

A

Integumentary
musculoskeletal
endocrine
nervous
muscular
circulatory
lymphatic
respiratory
Digestive
urinary
Reproductive

21
Q

What are the components and function of the integumentary system?

A

Hair, skin and nails

exterior protection

22
Q

What are the components and function of the musculoskeletal system?

A

bones and joints

Structural support and blood cell formation

23
Q

What are the components and function of the endocrine system?

A

pineal gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
thymus
adrenal gland
pancreas
testis/ovary

Hormonal signaling

24
Q

What are the components and function of the nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal chord

detects and processes environmental changes via neural signaling

25
Q

What are the components and function of the muscular system?

A

skeletal muscles

movement

26
Q

What are the components and function of the circulatory system?

A

heart and blood vessels

blood circulation

27
Q

What are the components and function of the immune system?

A

red bone marrow
thymus
lymphatic vessels
thoracic duct
spleen
lymph nodes

Immune function

28
Q

What are the components and function of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
lung
bronchus

Gas exchange

29
Q

What are the components and function of the digestive system?

A

oral cavity
esophagus
liver
stomach
small/large intestine
rectum
anus

absorb nutrients and excretion

30
Q

What are the components and function of the urinary system?

A

kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

purify blood and maintains fluid balance

31
Q

What are the components and function of the Female reproductive system?

A

mammary glands
ovary
uterine tube
uterus
vagina

sexual reproduction

32
Q

What are the components and function of the Male reproductive system?

A

prostate gland
ductus deferens
scrotum
penis
testis

sexual reproduction

33
Q

What are the structural classifications of proteins?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

34
Q

What protein structure contains the sequence of a chain of amino acids?

A

Primary Protein structure

35
Q

What protein structure contains local folding of the polypeptide chain into helices or sheets?

A

Secondary protein structure

36
Q

What protein structure contains three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions?

A

Tertiary Protein structure

37
Q

What protein structure consists of multiple tertiary structures?

A

Quaternary protein structure

38
Q

What are the determinants of protein structure?

A

Type of amino acid
Order of amino acids
bonds between amino acids
Number of amino acids
environmental factors - temperature, pH, etc.

39
Q

Give 2 examples of diseases to elaborate how abnormal protein shape can affect overall function.

A
  1. Animals: Scrapie Disease
  2. Humans: Alzheimers Disease
40
Q

Individual water molecules are linked together by which type of bond?
H2O + H2O

A

Hydrogen bonds

41
Q

Potassium ions can pass through a biological membrane by moving through transmembrane protein channels lined with hydro_____ amino acids

A

hydrophilic amino acids

42
Q

The charge and orientation of R groups on Amino Acids are important in determining protein characteristics which structure?

A

secondary structure within protein

43
Q

In the lipid mosaic model of the membrane, ______ normally form the ion channel

A
44
Q

Hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the hydrogen on the amine of a newarby amino acid is responsible for the ____ strucutre in proteins.

A

Secondary and apha helical

BMS 300 (8 decks)

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