Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS 300 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What attributes in the structure of water make molecules hydrophobic?

A

nonpolar particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom in one polar molecule (as of water) and a small electronegative atom (as of oxygen)

A

hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What attributes in the structure of water make molecules hydrophilic?

A

polar particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What attributes in the structure of water make molecules amphipathic?

A

Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What attributes in the structure of water give a high surface tension?

A

Molecules being pulled downward/sideward to create a strong cohesive force on the surface layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What would happen to the water strider if you put it in a beaker of soapy water?

A

It would sink because the surface tension would be impacted by the amphipathic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

15 millimolar NaCl (on the left) and 30 millimolar urea (on the right) are separated by a membrane that is permeable only to water. Will water flow?

A

No because the Osmotic pressure is balances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following are responsible for hydrophobicity?

charged particles
polar particles
non polar particles
more than one answer is correct

A

Nonpolar particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atoms within a water molecules are linked by which type of bond?

A

hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is water liquid at room temperature?

A

The room temperature cannot provide sufficient heat for these molecules to overcome their force of attraction and therefore, they remain in the liquid phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

forces acting on surface of a liquid which minimize the surface area

A

surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 components of Why water molecules at the surface compressed tightly together?

A
  1. kinetic energy
  2. under surface, molecules pull in all direction
  3. air-water interface experiences sideward/downward intermolecular forces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What attributes in the structure of water give it a high boiling point?

A

the higher kinetic energy of the water molecules causes the hydrogen bonds to break completely and allows water molecules to escape into the air as gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does ice float on water?

A

Ice has a lower density than water due to and has a crystaline structure, separting the molecules further.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why do frozen pipes burst?

A

water expands as it freezes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what term describes molecules or ions in solution go from regions of higher to regions of lower ion concentration

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

process of water moving from a region of higher to lower concentration through a selectively water-permiable membrane

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion and how do they influence equilibrium?

A

In diffusion, particles move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. In osmosis, a semipermeable membrane is present, so only the solvent molecules are free to move to equalize concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Based on whether a solute dissociates in water (solvent), how will it affect the overall concentration of the solution? Will the concentration increase, decrease, or remain the same?

A

increase due to the seperation of molecules from dissociation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the structure of water

A

bent shape of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe ion solubility in water.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does it mean for ions to diffuse in water?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do ions diffuse across a hydrophobic barrier?

A

acetylcholine binds to a receptor causing the hydrophobic side chains to shift, opening a pore that allows passage of positively charged ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is osmosis similar to diffusion?

A

molecules move from high to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is osmosis different to diffusion?

A

osmosis can only function in a liquid state and requires a semi-permeable membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

uncharged and non polar

A

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

charged and polar

A

Hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

have regions that are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

A

amphipathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid? (described with hydrophobic/hydrophillic/ampipathic terms)

A

Hydrophilic head (phosphate group)
two hydrophobic tails (fatty acid chains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

forms the “backbone” of a molecule
hydrophilic

A

glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.
hydrophobic

A

fatty acids

32
Q

what does glycerol + 3 fatty acids make?

A

triglyceride

33
Q
A

Fluid Mosaic model of the membrane

34
Q

Why is the structure of water important to biology?

A

water and it’s dipole moment can dissolve more compounds than any other Oxygen carries two additional electrons causing the bent shape. The Oxygen end carries a partial negative charge and Hydrogen carries partial positive charge. Due to this, water attracts each other.

35
Q

Why do ions easily go into solution in water?

A
36
Q

How do phospholipids orient in water?

A
37
Q

How does the biological membrane act as a barrier to movement of ions in and out of the cell?

A
38
Q

How does the membrane affect the ability of lipid soluble molecules to enter the cell?

A
39
Q

determined by the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them

A

dipole moment

40
Q

What is the role for receptors and how does this protein acquire their 3D shape?

A
41
Q

What is the role for pumps and how does this protein acquire their 3D shape?

A
42
Q

What is the role for channels and how does this protein acquire their 3D shape?

A
43
Q

Why is the 3D shape of receptors/channels/pumps important?

A
44
Q

How does the structure of the lipid bilayer limit the movement of ions across a biological membrane?

A
45
Q

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

A
46
Q

What structul differences distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

A
47
Q

How has compartmentalization facilitated the evolution of eukaryotic organisms?

A
48
Q

What are the major organelles in the eukaryotic cell?

A

Nucleus
ribosome
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
mitochondria

49
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
controls cellular activities via genes

50
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A
51
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

protein synthesis

52
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

involved primarily in lipid synthesis, as it lacks ribosomes

53
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

packaging center for molecules; synthesizes carbohydrates

54
Q

what is the function of the lysosome?

A

contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion

55
Q

What is the function of the mithochondria?

A

produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

56
Q

what is the region of a eukaryotic cell outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane called?

A

cytoplasm

57
Q

What are the major cytoskeletal elements in the cytoplasm?

A

microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments

58
Q

What characterizes microtubules and how are they formed?

A
59
Q

What characterizes microfilaments and how are they formed?

A
60
Q

What characterizes intermediate filaments and how are they formed?

A
61
Q

Where does glycolysis take place at in the cell?

A

Cytosol

62
Q

all chemical reactions within organisms that enable them to maintain life

A

Metabolism

63
Q

metabolic reaction break down molecules to extract energy

A

catabolism

64
Q

metabolic reactions break down molecules to extract energy

A

catabolism

65
Q

metabolic reactions synthesize building blocks to produce new molecules

A

anabolism

66
Q

the process by which green plans use light energy from the sun to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

A

photosynthesis

67
Q

energy contained in the bonds between atoms of a molecule

A

chemical energy

68
Q

How many steps and ATP are created from the complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water?

A

30 steps
30 ATP

69
Q

What are the various metabolic pathways used by the body to make ATP?

A

glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

70
Q

How does the body make ATP from carbohydrates?

A
71
Q

How does the body make ATP from fats?

A
72
Q

How does the body make ATP from protein?

A
73
Q

What is the connection between metabolism and respiration?

A
74
Q

What fuels does the body use for different types of physical activitites?

A
75
Q

Why does RQ values indicate the type of activity and the substrate used to make ATP?

A

BMS 300 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions