LectureNote 01 Flashcards
What is modeling?
Modeling is the process of representing a model which includes its construction and working.
What does a model represent?
A model is a representation of a real world phenomenon or elements
Define simulation.
Simulation is the process of creating a model of an existing or proposed system to identify and understand factors controlling the system.
What is the purpose of a computer model?
A computer model is a simulation or model of a real-world situation that has parameters the user can alter.
List the three main objectives of simulation studies.
- To Describe a Current System
- To Explore a Hypothetical System
- To Design an Improved System
What is a physical model?
A physical model is a tangible, scaled-down version of a system, such as prototypes or architectural models.
What is a mathematical model?
A mathematical model is represented using mathematical expressions, equations, or algorithms.
Define deterministic models.
Deterministic models have all inputs and outputs known with certainty and contain fixed constants.
What are stochastic models?
Stochastic models incorporate randomness, with outputs that are probabilistic and involve uncertain variables.
What is the difference between static and dynamic models?
Static models do not change over time, while dynamic models evolve over time and show system changes.
What are descriptive models?
Descriptive models explain the behavior or structure of a system.
What do predictive models do?
Predictive models forecast future behavior or conditions.
What is the advantage of using models?
Models are safer, less expensive, and easier to control than real-world counterparts.
What is the historical significance of the year 1940 in simulation?
In 1940, the method named ‘Monte Carlo’ was developed by researchers working on the Manhattan project.
What was developed in 1960 related to simulation?
The first special-purpose simulation languages, such as SIMSCRIPT, were developed.
What advancements occurred in simulation during the 1980s?
PC-based simulation software, graphical user interfaces, and object-oriented programming were developed.
Fill in the blank: A model in science often represents a particular thing with a set of _______.
[variables]
True or False: Models in science are always physical objects.
False
What is the process of simulation modeling?
Simulation modeling is the process of creating and analyzing a digital prototype of a physical model to predict its performance.
What is the role of verification and validation in modeling and simulation?
Verification and validation ensure that the model accurately represents the real-world system and behaves as intended.
What is Monte Carlo simulation used for?
Monte Carlo simulation is used to study neutron scattering and other probabilistic processes.
List types of models based on their purpose.
- Descriptive Models
- Predictive Models
- Prescriptive Models
What is a special-purpose simulation language developed by Harry Markowitz?
SIMSCRIPT
Developed at the RAND Corporation.
What significant advancements occurred in simulation from 1980?
PC-based simulation software, graphical user interfaces, and object-oriented programming.
What developments in simulation were made in the 1990s?
Web-based simulation, fancy animated graphics, simulation-based optimization, Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods.
What is the primary focus of modelling?
Creating the model.
What does simulation involve?
Experimenting with the model to observe its behaviour.
How does modelling differ from simulation in terms of analysis?
Modelling is static; simulation deals with dynamic analysis.
List the components of simulation models.
- System entities
- Input variables
- Performance measures
- Functional relationships
What is the first step in developing a simulation model?
Examine the real-world situation.
What is the second step in developing a simulation model?
Extract the essential features from the real world situation.
What is involved in the third step of developing a simulation model?
Collect and start processing the system data.
What is the fourth step in developing a simulation model?
Construct a model of the real system using the essential features.
What is the purpose of validating the simulation model?
Comparing its performance under various conditions with the real system.
What should be included in the documentation of a simulation model?
- Objectives
- Assumptions
- Input variables
- Performance in detail
What is the first step to perform simulation analysis?
Prepare a problem statement.
What types of variables are involved in simulation?
- Decision variables
- Uncontrollable variables
How are decision variables defined in simulation?
Controlled by the programmer.
What is the fifth step in performing simulation analysis?
Collect data from the real-life system.
What is the seventh step in performing simulation analysis?
Choose an appropriate simulation software to run the model.
What is a major advantage of modelling and simulation?
Easy to understand how the system operates without real-time systems.
How does modelling and simulation facilitate system upgrades?
Determines system requirements by applying different configurations.
What is a disadvantage of modelling and simulation?
Designing a model requires domain knowledge, training, and experience.
What is a common application area for modelling and simulation?
Military applications.
What is one way modelling and simulation can enhance decision-making?
Facilitates understanding of complex systems through visualization.
Fill in the blank: Simulation results are difficult to _______.
translate.
What is the ninth step in performing simulation analysis?
Perform an experiment on the model by changing variable values.
What is the distinction between modelling and a model?
Modelling is the process; a model is the output of that process.
What is the main objective of simulation?
To experiment with models to predict system behavior.
