Lecture9, punishment in 20th c. in Canada Flashcards
-After WW1= difficult for inmates, during interwars= prison supervisors were very powerful + decided on inmates’ punishment based on guards’ accusation
-What happened between 1932 and 1937?
There was 16 riots in Candian Penitentiaries
ID: Archambault Commission
The influential study of Canadian penal conditions completed by Justice Joseph Archambault in 1938 that recommended for the prison system change their retributive justice to a rehabilitative justice through educational and vocational programs
-however since ww2 required all attention of the federal government, Archambault report had to wait
Post WW2 penitentiary reform: what 6privileges that Archambault report brought to prisoners?
-More conjugal and other visits
-More leisure and smoking time
-Better library facilities
-More vocational programs
-more paid work
-abolition of silent system
Post WW2 penitentiary reform
-in the 1950s staff received increased salary + better training
-prison divided into min/med/max security = easier with classification, segregation and overcrowding
-1960s = more rehabilitation programs, + hiring of more psychologists psychiatrists
Post WW2 penitentiary reform: What happened in 1959?
The creation of the National Parole Board, gradually releasing inmates who gad good behaviors
Post WW2 penitentiary reform: ID: parole
a postwar penitentiary reform allowing the conditional released of inmates that well-behaved to ease their return into free society
Post WW2 penitentiary reform: Halfway Houses
housing units supervised by correctional officials created in the 1960s to provide temporary housing and job-searching facilities for offenders to ease their transition back to mainstream society, and to reduce the risk of recidivism.
Released inmates also had other help, what?
-John Howard society
-Elizabeth Fry society
-Society d’orientation et de rehabilitation de mtl
what happened between 1974 and 1984?
13 penitentiary employees were killed due to angry inmates
Death penalty debate and prison conditions in Canada
-after WW2, support to abolish the death penalty
-Last execution in Canada was in 1962
-in the 1980s after clifford olson murders and other homicidal cases, the death penalty debate of wether or not it should be restored a refait surface
-public pool showed that 70% of Canadians are in favor of death penalty for certain categories of murders
Since the 1980s prison conditions have been difficult for three main reasons, which one?
Overcrowding
Lack of rehabilitation programs
Violent prison environment (between 1983 and 1988, 42 prisoners were killed)
