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Ophthalmology > Lecture X > Flashcards

Lecture X Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between papillitis and glaucoma?

A

Glaucoma will have decreased VF slowly, with an atrophic optic nerve

Papillitis will have a sudden loss of vision and RAPD

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2
Q

What are the fundoscopic findings congenital anomalies that appear as pseudopapilledema?

A

Blurred disc margins, but without edema or hemorrhages

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3
Q

What are the causes of pseudopapilledema?

A
  • Hyperopia

- Persistent hyaloid remnants (in utero vessel between the retina and the iris)

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4
Q

Do hyperopic or myopic patients have pseudopapilledema?

A

Hyperoptic

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5
Q

How does a persistent hyaloid artery appear on a fundoscopic exam?

A

White outpouching of the disc

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6
Q

How do drusen cause pseudopapilledema?

A

If close to the optic disc, can blur margins

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7
Q

True or false: papilledema is always bilateral

A

True

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8
Q

What are the fundoscopic exam findings of papilledema?

A
  • Hyperemia of the disc

- Tortuosity of the vessels

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9
Q

What are spontaneous venous pulsations, and what happens to the with papilledema?

A

Venous pulsations–if present, then pressure in the eye is normal.

If not present, may be normal, or could be indicative of papilledema

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10
Q

What is pseudotumor cerebri? Who usually gets this?

A

Idiopathic intracranial HTN

Usually in young, overweight women

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11
Q

What is the issue with the grading system of ocular findings in the eye?

A

High stage usually says papilledema, but this is actually just phlebitis–not true increased ICP

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12
Q

What are the s/sx of pseudotumor cerebri?

A
  • Cephalalgia
  • Visual obscurations
  • Pulsatile tinnitus
  • Horizontal diplopia
  • Pain on EOM
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13
Q

What are the etiologies of pseudotumor cerebri?

A
  • Steroids
  • Excessive vitamin A/retinoic acid
  • Li
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14
Q

What is the treatment for pseudotumor cerebri? (4)

A
  • Weight loss
  • CAI
  • CSF shunting
  • Optic nerve fenestration
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15
Q

What is the diuretic that can be used to treat pseudotumor cerebri?

A

CAI

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16
Q

In which gender is optic neuritis more common in? Age?

A

15-45 yo Females

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17
Q

What are the s/sx of optic neuritis? (4)

A
  • Decreased vision
  • Color desaturation
  • VF defects
  • RAPD
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18
Q

What are the etiologies of optic neuritis? (3)

A
  • MS
  • Ischemia
  • Lyme disease
19
Q

What is the prognosis of optic neuritis?

A

Good after 1st attack, especially if young

20
Q

What is the treatment for optic neuritis?

A

IV steroids

21
Q

Is optic neuritis generally unilateral, or bilateral?

A

unilateral

22
Q

What are the s/sx of retrobulbar neuritis?

A
  • RAPD

- Pain on EOM

23
Q

Is there disc edema with retrobulbar neuritis?

A

No

24
Q

What are the S/sx of papillitis?

A

RAPD

Poor vision

25
Q

Is papillitis usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

26
Q

What are the fundoscopic findings of optic neuritis?

A
  • Disc edema

- Tortuosity of the vessels

27
Q

Which has pain on EOM,: retrobulbar neuritis or papillitis? Why?

A

Retrobulbar–EOMs pull on optic nerve

28
Q

What are the fundoscopic exam findings of optic atrophy?

A

Pallor of the optic nerve

29
Q

What are the causes of optic atrophy?

A

Anything that inflames or compresses the optic nerve

30
Q

What is the major chemical intoxication that can cause optic atrophy?

A

-Methanol

31
Q

What TB drug can cause optic atrophy?

A

Ethambutol

32
Q

What are the fundoscopic characteristics of optic atrophy?

A

Clear optic disc without color

33
Q

What is cortical blindness?

A

Visual pathways are intact, but there is an issue in the cortex that prevents the processing of the image

34
Q

What is the name of the inferior optic radiation?

A

Meyer’s loop

35
Q

What are the blood vessels that supply the optic radiations?

A

Middle and posterior cerebral artery

36
Q

What is the calcarine fissure?

A

an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain.

37
Q

What is Charles Bonnet syndrome?

A

the experience of complex visual hallucinations in a person with partial or severe blindness, but is cognitively intact

38
Q

Who usually gets Charles Bonnet syndrome?

A

Old people

39
Q

What are the characteristics of the hallucinations in Charles Bonnet syndrome?

A

Pleasant/interesting that the pt knows are not real

40
Q

What is the treatment for Charles Bonnet syndrome?

A

Simple reassurance, maybe psych testing

41
Q

What is cognitive visual loss?

A

visual variant of Alzheimer’s–normal VA, but inability to process correctly

42
Q

What is simultagnosia?

A

Inability to group letters into words, or words into sentences

43
Q

How do you test for cognitive visual loss?

A

Clock drawing

Ophthalmology (14 decks)

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