Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Lecture VIII > Flashcards

Lecture VIII Flashcards

1
Q

Corneal ulcers in a contact lens wearer = ?

A

Pseudomonas infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MOA of Ketorolac = ?

A

NSAID–inhibit COX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

Decreased VA in the absence of detectable organic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is strabismus?

A

the eyes do not properly align with each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes amblyopia?

A

Abnormal visual development–brain selects (favors) the aligned or least blurred image and suppresses the blurred or conflicting image caused by the lazy eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is amblyopia usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false: there is a benign exam findings with amblyopia

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the treatment of amblyopia depend on?

A

Plasticity of the visual system–youngins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When should treatment for amblyopia begin?

A

Prior to age 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or false: if not detected and properly treated, amblyopia carries on their entire life

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the nucleus in the brain that atrophies with amblyopia?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the lateral geniculate nucleus?

A

a relay center in the thalamus for the visual pathway. It receives a major sensory input from the retina. The LGN is the main central connection for the optic nerve to the occipital lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three major etiologies of amblyopia?

A
  • Strabismic
  • Refractive (lens refractive error)
  • Form-deprivation (cataracts/corneal scarring)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a tropia?

A

a misalignment of the two eyes when a patient is looking with both eyes uncovered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a phoria?

A

A latent deviation that only appears when binocular viewing is broken and the two eyes are no longer looking at the same object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false: diplopia is usually found with strabismus

A

False–usually absent since the rain will turn off the visual pathway from that eye early on in development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the usual presentation of unilateral amblyopia? (3)

A
  • Failed vision test
  • Strabismus
  • Parental concern
18
Q

How can you detect amblyopia? (3)

A
  • Assess red reflex
  • Determine visual acuity
  • Evaluate ocular alignment
19
Q

Enlarged cornea is suspicious for what?

A

Tumor or glaucoma

20
Q

How do you test for strabismus with a general inspection?

A
  • Cardinal positions
  • Epicanthus
  • Facies
21
Q

What are the two tests for strabismus?

A
  • Corneal light reflex

- Cover/uncover test

22
Q

What is pseudostrabismus?

A

Increased epicanthal folds may cause an appearance of strabismus

23
Q

True or false: children do not see double

A

True

24
Q

True or false: newborns should never have a sluggish pupil reflex

A

False–often the case d/t immature muscle control

25
Q

What are the eye exams that should be done with newborns? (3)

A
  • Corneal light reflex
  • Red reflex
  • Pupillary reflex
26
Q

EOM may be uncoordinated for how long after birth?

A

3-4 months old

27
Q

When are infants able to fix and follow with their eyes?

A

2 years

28
Q

How do you perform a cover test with 2 year olds?

A

If cover eye, evaluate how child reacts–if objecting, then suspect problem

29
Q

What is the “E” game that is played with 2-4 year olds?

A

Choose the right E amongst a series of Es

30
Q

If a 2-4 yo vision is less than what acuity should you refer?

A

20/40

31
Q

When is the cover/uncover test performed on children?

A

at 2-4 years

32
Q

Is a photoscreener a substitute for visual acuity?

A

No

33
Q

When should children be able to use the regular snellen eye chart?

A

Over age 5

34
Q

Who treats amblyopia?

A

Ophthalmologists

35
Q

How do you correct amblyopia?

A
  • Clear visual pathway if needed

- Correct refractive error

36
Q

How do you intensify the neural image to the visual cortex with an eye affected with amblyopia?

A

Occlusion therapy or penalization (defocus) the other eye

37
Q

Success of the treatment for amblyopia depends on what factors (3)?

A
  • Age
  • Degree of amblyopia
  • Compliance with patching
38
Q

Does occlusion therapy eliminate strabismus?

A

No

39
Q

What is the drug that is used to penalize the good eye in the treatment of amblyopia?

A

Atropine (antimuscarinic)

40
Q

True or false: glasses alone can sometimes correct esotropia

A

True

41
Q

What is the indication for a lateral canthotomy?

A

Increased pressure in the eye 2/2 orbital edema or retrobulbar hemorrhage

42
Q

What does it mean when the strabismus is concomitant?

A

Angle of deviation is “constant” in all gazes

Ophthalmology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions