Lecture Two: Movement Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Movement is made of?

A

Task + Environment+ Individual = Movement

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2
Q

Individual

A

Systems that coordinate movement

  • Sensory/perceptual :( body in space)
  • Cognitive :(attention, motor planning, problem solving, motivation )
  • Motor/action : ( neuromuscular & biomechanical -muscles & joints - degrees of freedom problem)
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3
Q

Individual - Motor: Degrees of Freedom Issue

A

Synergies, Self-organization, non-linear behavior

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4
Q

Synergies

A

(muscle/movement combinations) provide stability and flexibility, organize task, provide covariance, stabilize performance

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5
Q

Self Organization

A

Interaction of elements- whole > sum of components( don’t need specific higher level commands or motor programs; not just top down control)

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6
Q

Non-Linear Behavior

A

Behavior transforms into new behavior when parameters reaches critical value; Ex: Speed- walking to running

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7
Q

Individual- Motor Action

A

Alteration in movement is cause by more than neural structure control, it can also be controlled by physical principles

Variability is critical element of optimal function: a sweet spot between too little and too much
- To little variability is rigidity and too much is uncontrolled movement

Adaptive capacity

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8
Q

Task Attributes( Attributes of Task)

A

What types of task is it

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9
Q

Task Attributes

A
  1. Discrete vs. Continuous vs. Serial
  2. Stability vs Mobility
  3. Manipulation vs Non-manipulation
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10
Q

Discrete

A

Task is recognizable beginning and end

Ex: Start is sitting and ending in standing

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11
Q

Continuous

A

No recognizable beginning and end

Ex: Walking, Running

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12
Q

Serial

A

Discrete movements perform sequentially
Ex:Sit to stand and then reaching to open the door
Sit to Stand and then walking to the bathroom

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13
Q

Stability

A

Non-moving base of support

Ex: Standing, sitting

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14
Q

Mobility

A

Moving base of support

Ex: Dancing

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15
Q

Dual Task/ Multitask

A

Dual tasking is the concurrent performance of 2 task that can be performed independently, measure separately, and have distinct goals
Variables: Motor and cognitive
Complexity is related to attention demands and number of motor components( low to high)

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16
Q

Environment

A

Regulatory vs Non regulatory

17
Q

Regulatory

A

Aspects of the environment that have a direct effect on how the movement is to be performed
Ex: types of surface, people walking in NYC, walking with/without an assistive device , Weather( ice, rain..)

18
Q

Non-regulatory

A

Environmental features that movement does not need to conform to, but that may influence performance
Ex: background noise, lighting , people walking and talking, are they close or spread out, weather)

19
Q

Task & Environment

A

Open Task vs Closed Task

20
Q

Open Task

A

Performed in changing or unpredictable environments; require individual to continuously adapt movement strategies to changes
Ex: playing a soccer game

21
Q

Closed Task

A

Performed in fixed or predictable environments

Ex: Running a soccer drill in practice

22
Q

Performance of Movement

A

Individual Capacity + Task Attributes + Environmental Considerations = Performance of Movement

23
Q

Task Analysis- How do we apple this model to examination and interventions?

A

We look at the Task, Environment, Individual
Task: What type of task?
Environment: Can the person change and adopt to the environment?
Is the environment changing?

24
Q

Categorization of Task Analysis

A

Gentile’s Taxonomy of Task: Categorization of Task & Environment Condition

Stable Person, Stable/Predictable Environment
Stable Person, Moving/Unpredictable Environment
Moving Person, Stable/Predictable Environment
Moving Person, Moving/Unpredictable Environment

25
Q

Task Analysis- Observational

A

Temporal Sequencing- Stages of Movement

  1. Initial Conditions: Evaluation of the environment & starting posture
  2. Preparation : Comprehension of instruction & task requirements
  3. Initiation: The instant when displacement of the body segments begins
  4. Execution: Period of actual segment movement
  5. Termination: The instant when motion stops
26
Q

Task Analysis- Observational

A

Temporal Sequencing- Stages of Movement

  1. Initial Conditions: Evaluation of the environment & starting posture
  2. Preparation : Comprehension of instruction & task requirements
  3. Initiation: The instant when displacement of the body segments begins
  4. Execution: Period of actual segment movement
  5. Termination: The instant when motion stops
  6. Outcome: Was the movement & a success
27
Q

Task Analysis- Observational

A

Temporal Sequencing- Stages of Movement

  1. Initial Conditions: Evaluation of the environment & starting posture
  2. Preparation : Comprehension of instruction & task requirements
  3. Initiation: The instant when displacement of the body segments begins
  4. Execution: Period of actual segment movement
  5. Termination: The instant when motion stops
  6. Outcome: Was the movement & a success( not really a step)
28
Q

Symmetry

A

Left/Right agreement( kinetics & Kinematics)

29
Q

Speed

A

Rate of change or velocity of segment or body displacement from start to finish of task

30
Q

Amplitude

A

Extent to range of movement used to complete a task

31
Q

Alignment

A

Biomechanical relationship of body segments to one another and the BoS, to achieve the task

32
Q

Postural Control

A

Verticality: Ability to orient the body in relation to the line of gravity
Stability: Ability to control the body’s CoM over the BoS under quasi-static and dynamic conditions

33
Q

Coordination

A

Smoothness: Movement is smooth when it occurs in continual fashion without interruptions in velocity or trajectory
A

34
Q

Coordination

A

Smoothness: Movement is smooth when it occurs in continual fashion without interruptions in velocity or trajectory
Sequencing: Specific order of motor output required to achieve the intended goal of the action
Timing: Relative % time devoted to movement segments( initiation, execution, termination)
Accuracy: Freedom from error
Symptom Provocation: Observed or patient report of symptoms with movement that evokes a particular response( Ex: change in oxygen saturation, HR, patient-reported pain, dizziness, fear)