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Brain And Behaviour > Lecture Three > Flashcards

Lecture Three Flashcards

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0
Q

The cerebral cortex consists of how many cortical layers

A

Six

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1
Q

The dips or folds in the brain are called

A

Sulci

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2
Q

The fluid filling the brains ventricles is called

A

Cerebralspinal fluid

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3
Q

A brain slice amongst the horizontal plane is commonly referred to as ..

A

Axial section

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4
Q

Which regions are part of the basal ganglia..

A

Putamen
Caudate
Global Pallidus

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5
Q

What does the Amygdala do?

A

Processing emotional responses to stimuli in the environment e.g. Fear

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6
Q

Disorders linked to basal ganglia

A

Huntingtons, terettes and Parkinson’s

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7
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

Learning and Memory. Damage it and you can’t learn new memories.

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8
Q

Where is the basal ganglia?

A

It’s within the depth of the brain. Well conserved across species.
Drives behaviours and reward systems, controls motor responses and motivational behaviour.

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9
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Maintains a steady state (e.g. Temperature) in the body. Also called homeostasis. And controls responses like hunger and thirst.

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10
Q

What does the thalmus do.

A

Gateway for sensory information is relayed to the cerebral cortex .

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11
Q

What is included in the brain stem?

A

Midbrain - reflectual things. Superior is visual ques and Inferior is sound.
Pans - communication between the brain and cerebellum (plays a role in hearing as well)
Medulla - heart rate and breathing rate.m

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12
Q

Connections within the brain

A

Association tracts - find in one hemisphere
Commisure tracts - send info between hemispheres
Projection tracts - go from the brain to the spinal cord

Corpus Collusum - Commisure

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13
Q

What are the ventricles

A

Cavities that contain cerebral spinal fluid. Goes in between the brain and the skull. Meningees hold the fluid in place.
Inflammation of memingees leads to meningitis (fluid and pressure build up)

There’s four ventricles
1. Right lateral
2. Left lateral
Connected to the third and fourth ventricles.

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14
Q

The brains bloody supply

A

Comes via two arteries the Basilar Artery and Internal Coratid Artery which forms a junction at he circle of Willis. This is where all the main blood vessels go.

If one artery is blocked then the other sends the blood supply.

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15
Q

What is the Corpus Collusum?

A

White matter tract that connects the two hemispheres

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16
Q

What does the anterior Commisure do?

A

It’s an inter hemisphere tract.

Another tract is the fornix which connects the hippocampus and the Hypothalmus

17
Q

What surrounds the gyrus and what does it do?

A

Cingular Sulcus

The gyrus is involved in complex behaviours

18
Q

Slicing the brain

A

Coronal; way of slicing the brain from the anterior and posterior axis (nose to the back of the head)

Sagital; dividing it from one ear to the other along the medial and lateral axis.

Horizontal axis; along the superior and inferior axis.

19
Q

Name and locate each of the four lobes

A

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

20
Q

What is gray matter

A

Neuron cell bodies and dendrites

21
Q

What is white matter

A

Axons of neurons (myelin makes it white)

22
Q

What does the sensory neuron do?

A

Takes info from the body to the central nervous system

23
Q

Motor neurons

A

From the central nervous system to the body.

24
Q

Key division in the nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system; anything not included in the brain and spinal cord.
And the central nervous system; composed of the brain and spinal cord.

25
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system and what’s it split into?

A

Sympathetic; gets us ready for action e.g flight, fight or fu
Parasympathetic; activities in the resting state e.g. Digestion

26
Q

Name three glial cells and their purpose

A

Astrocyte; maintain the correct environment for neurons e.g. Glutamate reuptake

Oligodendrocytes; crucial for generating myelin.

Microglial cells; important for inflammatory responses, protect the brain from infection.

3X more glial then neurons.

27
Q

Which region of the hindbrain literally means “little brain” and, if extensively damaged, can lead to deficits in motor coordination?

A

Cerebellum

28
Q

The branching structures of neurons that carry information from other neurons are called:

A

Dendrites

29
Q

What is the automatic nervous system divided into.

A

Sympathetic- gets us ready for fight or flight

Parasympathetic - activities in the resting state e.g. Digesting food.

30
Q

What is the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?

A

Central is the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral is anything else not in the brain and spinal cord.

31
Q

What does the medulla (located in the brain stem)

A

Basic body function e.g. Heart rate and breathing rate.

32
Q

What does the midbrain do (located in the brain stem)

A

The midbrain includes the inferior (sound) and the superior colliculus (vision) involved in orientating movement.

33
Q

What does the Pans do? ( located in the brain stem)

A

The pans allows for communication between the brain and the cerebellum and is also involved in hearing.

34
Q

What does the Anterior Commisure do?

A

Important role in connecting the temporal lobe to parts of the frontal lobe.

35
Q

What does the calcarine sulcus do?

A

Indicates where the primary visual cortex is.

36
Q

What does the cingulate sulcus do?

A

Involved in complex behaviours e.g. When things don’t meet your expections.

37
Q

What’s in the medial surface of the brain?

A

Corpus Collusum. Which has white matter tracts that connects the two hemispheres and info is mainly relayed across this tract.

38
Q

What does the parietal occipital sulcus do?

A

Separates on the medial surface.

39
Q

Where does the internal Coratid arise from?

A

At the point in the neck where common caratid arteries diverge and the vertebral arteries.

The internal Coratid arteries branch to form two major cerebral arteries. The anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

The right and left vertebral arteries come together at the level of the pons on the ventral surface of the brainstem to form the midline basilar artery.

The basilar artery in turn joins the blood supply originating from the internal carotids in an arterial ring at the base of the brain called the circle of Willis.

40
Q

What arises at the circle of Willis?

A

The posterior cerebral arteries arise at the confluence as does the anterior and posterior communicating arteries.

Conjoining the two major sources of here cerebral vascular supply via the circle of Willis presumably improves the chances that some regions will continue to receive blood if one of the major arteries becomes blocked.

Brain And Behaviour (8 decks)

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