Lecture Set 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do all cells have?

A

Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

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2
Q

What are the two types of membranes?

A

Plasma –> separate inside from outside

Internal –> compartmentalize, separate organelles

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3
Q

What limits the size of the cell?

A

Minimum –> biomolecules needed for existence

Maximum –> rate of diffusion through cytoplasm

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4
Q

What is the function of the membrane

A

1) increase SA
2) maintain integrity/structure of cell/organelles
3) Present highly selective permeable barrier –> create concentration gradients
4) Works with signalling –> receptors, generation of chemical/electrical signals
5) energy transformation –> mitochondrial membrane

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5
Q

Describe nucleus

A

Has nuclear envelope (2 membranes contiguous with ER)
has nuclear pores
has nucleolus –> site of rRNA synthesis, ribosome production

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6
Q

Describe the mitochondria

A

double membrane, cristae (folds), matrix (inner space)

performs cellular respiration, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation

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7
Q

Describe the ER

A

smooth –> no ribosomes, lipid and sterol production

rough –> dotted with ribosomes –> protein synthesis, membrane proteins, oligosaccharides

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8
Q

Describe the Golgi

A

sorting, post-translational processing

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9
Q

What is the function of glycosylation

A

helps with sorting
very rigid, provides steric interactions to prevent other molecules from approaching
serve as recognition molecules
act as regulatory role

Created by adding carb to surface bound protein/lipid

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10
Q

what is a lysosome and peroxisome

A

lysosome –> hydrolytic enzymes

peroxisome –> oxidases that produce hydrogen peroxide used by catalase to break down toxic substances

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11
Q

What is the ECM?

A

extracellular matrix –> proteins/polysaccharides secreted into extracellular space

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12
Q

Whats the difference between nucleoid and nucleus?

A

nucleoid = cytoplasmic mass of DNA not in a membrane

nucleus - DNA contained within membrane-bound structure

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